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De Sanctis, Marco; Del Moro, Guido; Chimienti, Silvia; Ritelli, Pierangela; Levantesi, Caterina; Di Iaconi, Claudio, E-mail: marco.desanctis@ba.irsa.cnr.it2017
AbstractAbstract
[en] The availability of high quality water has become a constraint in several countries. Agriculture represents the main water user, therefore, wastewater reuse in this area could increase water availability for other needs. This research was aimed to provide a simplified scheme for treatment and reuse of municipal and domestic wastewater based on Sequencing Batch Biofilter Granular Reactors (SBBGRs). The activity was conducted at pilot-scale and particular attention was dedicated to the microbiological quality of treated wastewater to evaluate the risk associated to its reuse. The following microorganisms were monitored: Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Clostridium perfringens, somatic coliphages, adenovirus, enterovirus, Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum. The possibility of SBBGR enhancement with sand filtration was also evaluated. The SBBGR removed > 90% of suspended solids and chemical oxygen demand, and 80% and 60% of total nitrogen and phosphorous, respectively. SBBGR was also effective in removing microbial indicators, from 1 (for C. perfringens) up to 4 (for E. coli) log units of these microorganisms. In particular, the quality of SBBGR effluent was already compatible with the WHO criteria for reuse (E. coli ≤ 103 CFU/100 mL). Sand filtration had positive effects on plant effluent quality and the latter could even comply with more restrictive reuse criteria. - Highlights: • Wastewater reuse in agriculture requires a compact and reliable treatment scheme. • E. coli content after biological treatment was lower than 103 MPN/100 mL. • Protozoa concentration in plant effluent was lower than 1 cysts/L. • Plant effluent wouldn't need chemical disinfection for its reuse in many countries.
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S0048-9697(16)32687-0; Available from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.002; Copyright (c) 2016 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, All rights reserved.; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
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