[en] The current technological development, the crises of raw materials and energy, the increased aggression towards the environment have led to the development of the new materials and unconventional technologies. The composite materials have both many important advantages compared to the traditional materials and provide many functional advantages: low weight, mechanical resistance, low maintenance costs. The main advantage of the composites lies in their ability to combine the physical properties of components to achieve new structural functionalities, so the modulation of the properties and finally, to obtain a wide variety of materials which may be used in all areas of activities. Some biodegradable fibers, flax, hemp, may provide the specific mechanical properties compared to those of the glass fiber, due to their high strength and low density of their volume. To make the right choice, even if the natural fibers have very low power consumption compared with the synthetic fibers, such as glass or carbon, it should be considered a careful assessment of the environmental impact. The present study shows that the validity of the replacement of the synthetic fibers with natural fibers, depends on the reinforcement type and the complexity of the problems due to the processing of natural fibers. (paper)