[en] When we hear the words “cancer treatment”, images of doctors, hospitals and machines come to mind. But before the first machine is installed or the first patient is treated, the right laws and regulations should be in place. This can take years of preparation, and countries don’t have to do it alone: the IAEA provides support to countries around the world in developing the necessary legal infrastructure, including nuclear laws, for the safe and secure use of radiation for cancer care. Lesotho enacted its first nuclear law in 2018, with the support of the IAEA. This small country of 2.4 million people sends approximately 100 cancer patients a year to South Africa to be treated. With the new law in place and a regulatory body expected to be operational before the end of 2019, experts are now working on building a radiotherapy facility. They plan to have it up and running in three to four years, allowing these patients to be treated close to home.