[en] Full text: Carbon-based nanomaterials, such as graphene, are multifunctional, furnishing promising tools when modeling the complex enzymatic architecture. Graphene oxide (GO) comprises a highly oxygenated surface and targeted covalent functionalization of these groups can extend further applications, e.g. catalysis.[1] In this sense, studies involving dephosphorylation reactions are fundamental, since they are vital in biological systems. Herein, we report the anchoring of specific reactive groups by amide bonds on the carboxylate sites of GO to obtain nanocatalysts: with freely available thiol and imidazole groups giving GOSH and GOIMZ, respectively. The nanocatalysts were successfully obtained and characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction and Raman spectra. [2] We evaluated the nanocatalysts in heterogeneous dephosphorylation reactions, using diethyl 2,4-dinitrophenyl phosphate. Comparing with the spontaneous reaction, rate enhancements up to 8x10⁶ –fold were observed, among the highest increments reported. The nanocatalysts were recycled consecutively, maintaining activity and characterization by FTIR, TGA and Raman confirmed the preservation of overall properties. In conclusion, we report for the first time the use of GO-based materials in dephosphorylation reactions by a clear-cut catalysis: efficient and recyclable. The nanocatalysts that presumably benefit from synergistic effects, have certainly innovative features, promising in designing artificial enzymes, by exploring the overall material engineering by combining assembly characteristics. The catalysts are also promising in the detoxification of organophosphorus chemical warfare and pesticides. Reference: [1] NENNAM and INCT-Nanocarbono. Ref: 1. Kuila, T. et al Prog. Mater Sci. 2012, 57, 1061. 2 Orth, E. S. et al. Carbon 2013, 61, 543. (author)