[en] Full text: Among the contaminants disposed exists a class of dyes, widely used in various branches of industry. Methylene blue (MB) has been studied by many researchers to seek alternative methods for its removal. Among the removal procedures, adsorption has been highlighted because of its easy implementation, by its low cost and because of the fact it produces a better quality effluent, and thus more effective . Based on this, the present work aimed to synthesize a material using natural vermiculite clay mineral as support for the oxyhydroxide niobium and to apply it in the adsorption of the MB dye. The results of XRD revealed that the clays have suffered delamination due to reduced 001 diffraction peak. The thermogravimetry data showed that the thermal stability of the material was above 180°C. Adsorption/desorption nitrogen measurements showed that BET surface area of clay was 2 m2 /g and it increased to 4 m² /g after the insertion of NbO₂OH on its surface. Therefore, FTIR, TG/DTG and SEM/EDS confirmed the presence of niobium oxyhydroxide on clay structure, which demonstrates that the synthesis of the composite was successful. For the adsorption tests, were used 10 mg of the adsorbent, 200 mL of a 5 ppm MB solution at constant stirring in thermostatic bath at 25 °C and solutions concentrations were monitored by UV-Vis spectrometry at 665 nm, which is the maximum absorption of the MB dye. The data were collected for a time interval between two minutes and two hours. The results showed that the composite presented a good performance in adsorption of MB with a removal of 55% of the dye, while the natural clay vermiculite removed only 13%. This behavior was attributed to the higher specific area of the modified material and the presence of new active adsorption sites to MB blue molecules. (author)