[en] Recently, many countries start to promulgate their nuclear program all over the world. The negative issue facing those newcomers is public apprehensions about the management of nuclear and radiological activities, that any failure in their management may cause harmful radiological consequences affect directly to human health and environment. The misunderstanding of the public is considered a big challenge especially in the first stage of establishing NPP. Therefore, it is very important to increase public awareness towards the management of nuclear and radioactive materials especially the more dangerous materials nuclear spent fuel (NSF) and high-level radioactive wastes (HLRWs) during storage, operation, disposal, and transport. Public should persuade that the national nuclear security regime could cover all the nuclear security requirements and the implementation of nuclear security measures receive the attention warranted to protect nuclear and radioactive materials, also the existing security systems and measures carry out its purpose in acceptable and satisfactory level. On the safety side public should convince that all safety measures will apply to safe worker, public and environment from any radiological consequences. All that will allow them to trust about their national nuclear security and safety regime and the implementation of its requirements. To enhance the public well understanding towards this critical issue there are some considerations should be taken to turn their apprehension to trust about both national safety and security managements of NSF and HLRW.On the other hand these public apprehensions act as an initiator to the government to develop efficient national policies to manage these critical issues. Also, the study discusses the role of state and organizations to enhance public understanding of the management of nuclear and radioactive materials NSF and HLRW. (author)