[en] The presentation shows the results of analysis of the systemic problems in the modern nuclear industry (thermal reactors in open nuclear fuel cycle); and perspectives are discussed for creating, on this basis, of a new nuclear power system (NPS) of the present-day century, accounting for technological preparedness and cost efficiency. There established the conditions for stage-by-stage development of the two-component NPS, with full involvement of natural uranium into the fuel cycle. In doing so, the advanced, safe and reliable BN reactor being the thermal energy source would provide involvement of uranium-238 into the fuel cycle, and perform functions of the extended plutonium-based fuel breeding and minor actinide burn-off. This explains its role 1) as a backbone element of the new technological platform of the nuclear industry of XXI century and 2) as a key technological element of the closed nuclear fuel cycle A two-component NPS is selected whose basis is light water plants (VVER generation 3+ reactors) and advanced fast sodium reactors (BN) as well as the centralized closed nuclear fuel cycle enterprises to provide the spent nuclear fuel reprocessing and the multiple combined nuclear materials and minor actinides recycling. The radwaste management would include high-level radwaste withdrawal, conditioning and disposal. There it is shown that at the current development stage, i.e. in nuclear power of XXI century, and provided that the nuclear/radiation safety and non-proliferation requirements are met, the two-component NPS would ensure sustainable and cost-effective power generation in conditions of the increasing global constraints as to natural fuel sources and environmentally adverse discharges from the fossil plants