[en] Existing NESs, which are mainly based on TRs operating in a once through cycle, will continue to represent the main contribution to nuclear energy production for at least several decades. As many national and international studies have shown, major innovations in reactor and NFC technologies are needed in order to achieve sustainable nuclear energy development. New reactors, nuclear fuels and fuel cycle technologies are under development and are being demonstrated worldwide. In these conditions, the evaluation of the status, prospects, benefits and risks associated with innovative technologies is very important. The results of such an evaluation could be useful not only for countries engaged in nuclear power development, but also for newcomer countries evaluating their potential to start a nuclear programme. This case study, performed by the team of Romanian experts from RATEN ICN Pitesti, proposes to apply the KIND approach to evaluate evolutionary and INES technologies comparatively, based on specific KIs. The analyses performed address the status, prospects, benefits and risks related to the development of these technologies, taking into consideration country specifics. The general and specific goals of the case study are in agreement with the KIND objectives.