[en] The Krsko NPP is a textbook case for outsourcing of design, construction and even operation and maintenance work. The plant was commissioned in 1982 and operated for the first ten years in the former Yugoslavia. After the independence of Slovenia from Yugoslavia in 1991, changes began to be made in how the NPP was managed, including a new need to recognize and accommodate a more dynamic and fluid knowledge management environment. This included increased accountability for design change, mobility of staff, and assuming more control over previously outsourced functions. The Krsko Nuclear power plant began construction in 1974, as a joint venture of two republics of the former Yugoslavia, Slovenia and Croatia. The electrical generation is split 50/50 to each country. The plant is a Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) built by Gilbert Associates (the EPC company now known as WorleyParsons) and Westinghouse. The plant design is a model 60 Westinghouse reactor, and provides about 40% of Slovenia’s electricity demand. The original design power rating was 630 MWe; the plant was commissioned in 1982 and achieved synchronization to the power grid in 1983. In 2001 NPP Krsko replaced the steam generators, resulting in a power uprate to 705 MWe. The plant construction was a “turnkey” construction arrangement, meaning the design, construction and project management would be handled completely by Westinghouse and Gilbert, with almost no Slovenian or Yugoslavian technical involvement. The agreements for building the plant with the USA involved a number of special provisions, including operating the plant as a U.S.NRC (Nuclear Regulatory Commission) “pass-through” for regulation enforcement through the state nuclear regulator of Slovenia, and fuel enrichment services to be provided and controlled by NUEXCO in the USA. NPP Krsko is a member of WANO and WENRA, is also a member of EPRI and associate member of the INPO, as well as having membership in other USA-based nuclear organizations and NGO’s. This means the Krsko NPP, for all intents, would be run in a manner identical to a US-built plant. In addition, until 1993 engineering services at NPP Krsko were performed entirely by Westinghouse and Gilbert, and most services for operator training and logistics were handled by Westinghouse in the USA until around 1998. For plant modifications and retrofits, such as TMI, ATWOS and other features of US-based NPP’s, Gilbert Associates was in charge of all engineering design change and design management, including installation, testing and quality records. The Krsko NPP had no engineering organization on site until 1993, and prior to this time engineering supervision of the subcontractors was performed by maintenance staff. Because of this, in the early 1990’s, the NPP Krsko embarked on taking over the responsibility for engineering design changes and the maintenance of the NPP Krsko design basis, while reducing the dependence on Westinghouse and Gilbert for design control and permitting the contracting of additional contractors, sub-contractors and suppliers.