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AbstractAbstract
[en] Application of organic residues (OR) on agricultural soils could reduce the use of mineral phosphorus (P) fertilizers, but this implies to determine the efficiency of OR to meet crop requirements. We thus aimed to study mechanisms determining the effects of OR on P bioavailability to plants (phytoavailability). Our work was based on five field trials with decadal organic or mineral fertilization located in Reunion island, and on incubations and plant growth experiments under controlled conditions. Available inorganic P (Pi) and organic P (Po) was determined using extractions (water, Olsen), the diffusive gradients in thin films technique (DGT) and the isotopic dilution associated to anion exchange membranes (EAEM). Phytoavailable P was determined as the plant P uptake. Soil Pi sorption capacity was determined using sorption curves. For all soil types studied (andosol, andic cambisol, nitisol, and arenosol), RO increased mainly available Pi and had few effects on available Po, which suggests that mineralization of Po applied with RO does not limit Pi availability. Application of RO increased available Pi mainly by increasing soil pH and consequently by decreasing soil Pi sorption capacity. Phytoavailable P increased with soil available Pi, but decreased with increasing soil pH. Our work suggests that except the dose of P applied, effect of RO on P phytoavailability depends mainly on soil pH changes induced. (author)
[fr]
Le recyclage des residus organiques (RO) en agriculture pourrait permettre de limiter l'utilisation des ressources minerales de phosphore (P), a condition de determiner leur efficacite pour fournir du P aux cultures. L'objectif de ce travail etait donc d'etudier les mecanismes determinant l'effet des RO apportes au sol sur la biodisponibilite du P pour la plante (phytodisponibilite). Ce travail a ete base sur cinq essais de terrain a La Reunion, fertilises sur une decennie avec des fertilisants organiques ou mineraux, et sur des experimentations d'incubations en conditions controlees et de cultures de plantes en pot. Le P inorganique (Pi) et organique (Po) disponible du sol a ete determine par des extractions (eau, Olsen), la technique des diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) et la dilution isotopique associee a des membranes echangeuses d'ions. La capacite de sorption en Pi des sols a ete evaluee avec des courbes de sorption. Le P phytodisponible a ete determine en mesurant le P preleve par la plante. Dans les differents types de sol (andosol, andique cambisol, nitisol et arenosol), l'apport de RO a augmente le Pi disponible relativement au Po, suggerant que la mineralisation du Po issu des RO n'est pas un facteur limitant la disponibilite du Pi. Les RO ont augmente le Pi disponible principalement par l'augmentation du pH du sol et par consequent la diminution de sa capacite de sorption de Pi. Le P phytodisponible a augmente avec le Pi disponible du sol, mais a diminue avec l'augmentation du pH du sol. Au-dela de la dose de P, l'effet de l'apport de RO a long-terme sur la phytodisponibilite du P semble principalement controle par l'evolution induite du pH du sol. (auteur)Original Title
Phytodisponibilite du phosphore dans les sols agricoles de La Reunion fertilises sur le long-terme avec des residus organiques: la dose d'apport est-elle le seul determinant a prendre en compte?
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20 Dec 2017; 183 p; 267 refs.; Available from the INIS Liaison Officer for France, see the INIS website for current contact and E-mail addresses; These Docteur de l'Universite de La Reunion
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Miscellaneous
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Thesis/Dissertation
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AGRICULTURAL WASTES, BIOLOGICAL AVAILABILITY, FERTILIZERS, ION EXCHANGE MATERIALS, ISOTOPE DILUTION, ISOTOPIC EXCHANGE, LABELLED COMPOUNDS, MEMBRANES, MINERALIZATION, PH VALUE, PHOSPHATES, PHOSPHORUS 31, PHOSPHORUS 32, PHOSPHORUS 33, PLANT GROWTH, REUNION ISLAND, ROOT ABSORPTION, SOIL CHEMISTRY, SORPTION
ABSORPTION, BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES, BETA-MINUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES, CHEMISTRY, DAYS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, EUROPE, FRANCE, GROWTH, ISLANDS, ISOTOPE APPLICATIONS, ISOTOPES, LIGHT NUCLEI, MATERIALS, NUCLEI, ODD-EVEN NUCLEI, ODD-ODD NUCLEI, ORGANIC WASTES, OXYGEN COMPOUNDS, PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS, PHOSPHORUS ISOTOPES, RADIOISOTOPES, SORPTION, STABLE ISOTOPES, TRACER TECHNIQUES, UPTAKE, WASTES, WESTERN EUROPE
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