[en] Aluminum alloy 6082 exhibits medium to high strength and is widely used as extruded products. Shot peening of automobile and aircraft components, carried out to induce optimum residual compressive stress on the surface, improves fatigue properties of these components. In this context, the aim of this investigation was to study the effects of shot peening on the residual stress and fatigue behavior of solution treated and artificially aged 6082 aluminum alloy. Initially, solution treatment and artificial ageing of this alloy were carried out to determine the best conditions in terms of alloy strength. Subsequently, experiments were carried out with different types of spherical steel shots, under a variety of peening conditions (rotation speed and duration), to define the best set of conditions to increase residual stress that was measured using X-ray diffraction. Fatigue tests were carried out using a rotating-bending machine on shot peened specimens that had the highest residual stress. These results were compared with those of specimens that were not shot peened. The highest residual stress was observed when peening was done with S170PEE steel shots, at 2500 rpm for 1 minute. The variation in residual stress as a function of depth, for the above-mentioned peening conditions, was coherent only up to a depth of 76 μm and attributable to the presence of large grains at depths higher than this. The S-N curves revealed an increase in fatigue life at high stresses and at low cycles to failure and attributed to shot peening. Contrary to this, a deleterious effect in terms of reduction in fatigue life was observed at low stresses and at high cycles to failure, due to increase in surface roughness of the specimens during the extended fatigue tests. (author)