[en] After having recalled some aspects of the legal framework of German nuclear plants, notably the evolution of their legal exploitation duration, the author proposes explanations and comments of the sudden policy shift (motivated by the Fukushima accident) which resulted in the decision to phase out nuclear. He more particularly highlights stakes and questions associated with phasing out: operators constrained by the legal uncertainty of required authorisations, and by the requirements associated with the post-exploitation phase (preliminary conditions for an authorisation, required performance of an environmental impact study, relationship between exploitation authorisation and dismantling authorisation). In the next part, the author comments issues related to radioactive waste management: content of the law for the re-organisation of the responsibility of nuclear waste elimination, the search for a definitive storage site (comment on the example of Gorleben), implementation of a procedure to obtain an exploitation authorisation (law on the open-air exploration of some areas, law on the underground exploration of some sites, law on the definitive storage site). The author proposes a critical discussion of this process. The German version of the article is also provided.