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Urbain, Félix; Murcia-López, Sebastián; Nembhard, Nicole; Vázquez-Galván, Javier; Flox, Cristina; Andreu, Teresa; Morante, Joan Ramón; Smirnov, Vladimir; Welter, Katharina; Finger, Friedhelm, E-mail: furbain@irec.cat2019
AbstractAbstract
[en] Solar-powered vanadium redox-flow batteries (VRFB) have emerged as an attractive method for large-scale and efficient energy storage and conversion. However, due to the stringent charging voltage requirements of vanadium-based systems (1.4–1.7 V), common photobatteries, applying standard photovoltaics with nonoptimized photovoltages, cannot be completely charged bias-free, i.e. by only using bias-free solar energy, or if they can be, only at unpractical low current densities of just a few mA cm−2. In response to this critical challenge, the present study aimed to design and test a compact device combining a high-photovoltage silicon multijunction solar cell with an all-vanadium continuous-flow battery. In particular, we applied a monolithic triple junction solar cell, which can provide photovoltage of up to 2.2 V. Additionally, we have introduced the concept of increased illumination intensity for the solar VRFB. As a first demonstration, a complete bias-free solar charging at 25 mA cm−2 (300 mW cm−2 illumination) is reported. Moreover, we investigated the influence of the operation parameters of the redox-flow battery itself: the membrane type and the vanadium concentration in the electrolyte (i.e. storage capacity). The presented results provide evidence that the low-cost thin-film silicon based solar VRFB can be considered as an outstanding alternative for practical energy storage and conversion usage. A maximum bias-free solar conversion efficiency of 12.3% was achieved during charging, combined with promising and competitive energy efficiencies for the complete charge–discharge process that can guarantee an overall solar-to-electricity conversion efficiency of >10%. (paper)
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Available from http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aaeab9; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
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Journal Article
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DIRECT ENERGY CONVERTERS, EFFICIENCY, ELECTRIC BATTERIES, ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS, ELEMENTS, ENERGY, ENERGY SOURCES, ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS, ENERGY SYSTEMS, EQUIPMENT, FILMS, METALS, PHOTOELECTRIC CELLS, PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT, PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS, RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES, SEMIMETALS, SOLAR EQUIPMENT, STORAGE, TRANSITION ELEMENTS
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