[en] This publication first gives a synthetic overview of the French nuclear reactor fleet, and indicates the specific risks of nuclear energy production (accidents, material transport, impact on the environment, wastes, dismantling). It proposes a synthetic overview of the regulation and control of nuclear safety: regulatory framework and regulation bodies. It describes how prevention and risk management are implemented: strict and periodic controls, plans (emergency, intervention), and additional assessments for crisis management. It finally indicates aspects which have been highlighted as sources of fallibility by a parliamentary inquiry commission after the Fukushima accident