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Vanpeene, Victor
Universite de Lyon, Ecole Doctorale EDA 034 - Materiaux de Lyon, NSA-Lyon, Laboratoire Mateis, F-69621 Villeurbanne (France); Conseil de Recherches en Sciences Naturelles et Genie du Canada - CRSNG, INRS-Energie, Materiaux, Telecommunications - EMT, Varennes, Quebec, J3X 1S2 (Canada)2018
Universite de Lyon, Ecole Doctorale EDA 034 - Materiaux de Lyon, NSA-Lyon, Laboratoire Mateis, F-69621 Villeurbanne (France); Conseil de Recherches en Sciences Naturelles et Genie du Canada - CRSNG, INRS-Energie, Materiaux, Telecommunications - EMT, Varennes, Quebec, J3X 1S2 (Canada)2018
AbstractAbstract
[en] Because of its theoretical specific capacity ten times higher than that of graphite currently used as active anode material for Li-ion batteries, silicon can play an important role in increasing the energy density of these systems. However, the alloying reaction set up during its lithiation results in a high volume expansion of silicon (∼300% compared with only ∼10% for graphite) leading to the structural degradation of the electrode, which is significantly affecting its cycling behavior. Understanding in detail these phenomena of degradation and developing strategies to limit their impact on the functioning of the electrode are of undeniable interest for the scientific community of the field. The objective of this thesis work was first to develop a characterization technique adapted to the observation of these degradation phenomena and to draw the necessary information to optimize the formulation of silicon-based anodes. In this context, we have used X-ray tomography which has the advantage of being a non-destructive analytical technique allowing in situ and 3D monitoring of the morphological variations occurring within the electrode during its operation. This technique has been adapted to the case study of silicon by adjusting the analyzed electrode volumes, the spatial resolution and the temporal resolution to the phenomena to be observed. Appropriate image processing procedures were applied to extract from these tomographic analyzes as much qualitative and quantitative information as possible on their morphological variation. In addition, this technique could be coupled to X-ray diffraction to complete the understanding of these phenomena. We have shown that the use of a carbon paper structuring 3D current collector makes it possible to attenuate the morphological deformations of a Si anode and to increase their reversibility in comparison with a conventional copper current collector of plane geometry. We have also shown that the use of graphene nanoplatelets as a conductive additive to replace carbon black can form a conductive network more able to withstand the large volume variations of silicon. Finally, the X-ray tomography allowed studying dynamically and quantitatively the cracking and delamination of a Si electrode deposited on a copper collector. We have thus demonstrated the significant impact of a process of 'maturation' of the electrode to minimize these deleterious phenomena of cracking-delamination of the electrode. (author)
[fr]
De par sa capacite specifique theorique dix fois plus elevee que celle du graphite actuellement utilise comme materiau actif d'anode pour les batteries Li-ion, le silicium peut jouer un role important dans l'augmentation de la densite d'energie de ces systemes. La reaction d'alliage mise en place lors de sa lithiation se traduit cependant par une forte expansion volumique du silicium (∼300 % contre seulement ∼10 % pour le graphite), conduisant a la degradation structurale de l'electrode, affectant notablement sa tenue au cyclage. Comprendre en detail ces phenomenes de degradation et developper des strategies pour limiter leur impact sur le fonctionnement de l'electrode presentent un interet indeniable pour la communaute scientifique du domaine. L'objectif de ces travaux de these etait en premier lieu de developper une technique de caracterisation adaptee a l'observation de ces phenomenes de degradation et d'en tirer les informations necessaires pour optimiser la formulation des anodes a base de silicium. Dans ce contexte, nous avons utilise la tomographie aux rayons X qui presente l'avantage d'etre une technique analytique non-destructive permettant le suivi in situ et en 3D des variations morphologiques s'operant au sein de l'electrode lors de son fonctionnement. Cette technique a pu etre adaptee a l'etude de cas du silicium en ajustant les volumes d'electrodes analyses, la resolution spatiale et la resolution temporelle aux phenomenes a observer. Des procedures de traitement d'images adequates ont ete appliquees afin d'extraire de ces analyses tomographiques un maximum d'informations qualitatives et quantitatives pertinentes sur leur variation morphologique. De plus, cette technique a pu etre couplee a la diffraction des rayons X afin de completer la comprehension de ces phenomenes. Nous avons ainsi montre que l'utilisation d'un collecteur de courant 3D structurant en papier carbone permet d'attenuer les deformations morphologiques d'une anode de Si et d'augmenter leur reversibilite en comparaison avec un collecteur de courant conventionnel de geometrie plane en cuivre. Nous avons aussi montre que l'utilisation de nanoplaquettes de graphene comme additif conducteur en remplacement du noir de carbone permet de former un reseau conducteur plus a meme de supporter les variations volumiques importantes du silicium. Enfin, la tomographie RX a permis d'etudier de facon dynamique et quantitative la fissuration et la delamination d'une electrode de Si deposee sur un collecteur de cuivre. Nous avons ainsi mis en evidence l'impact notable d'un procede de 'maturation' de l'electrode pour minimiser ces phenomenes deleteres de fissuration-delamination de l'electrode. (auteur)Original Title
Etude par tomographie RX d'anodes a base de silicium pour batteries Li-ion
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22 Mar 2018; 256 p; 410 refs.; Available from the INIS Liaison Officer for France, see the INIS website for current contact and E-mail addresses; These de Doctorat de l'Universite de Lyon, Specialite: Materiaux
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Miscellaneous
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Thesis/Dissertation
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ALKALI METAL COMPOUNDS, CARBON, COHERENT SCATTERING, DEFORMATION, DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES, DIFFRACTION, ELECTRIC BATTERIES, ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS, ELECTRODES, ELECTROLYTES, ELEMENTS, ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS, ENERGY SYSTEMS, LITHIUM COMPOUNDS, NONMETALS, PROCESSING, RADIATION SOURCES, RESOLUTION, SCATTERING, SEMIMETALS, SILICIDES, SILICON COMPOUNDS, TIMING PROPERTIES, TOMOGRAPHY
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