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AbstractAbstract
[en] It is well known that the intergranular segregation of phosphorus can diminish the cohesion between grains, resulting in steel embrittlement. Low alloyed bainitic steels used to build nuclear reactor pressure vessel (RPV) generally contain a small amount of phosphorus (in the range of 100 ppm). Continuous exposure to a low neutron dose rate irradiation at intermediate temperature (∼300 deg. C) results in radiation embrittlement of RPV steel. Since intergranular segregation of phosphorous can contribute to this embrittlement, for purpose of RPV reliability during operation, it is important to understand the effects of ageing conditions (temperature, irradiation dose etc.), material composition and grain boundary (GB) type on the intensity of phosphorus intergranular segregation. Regarding to literature sources, it was revealed that the intergranular segregation values may strongly vary among different GBs. However, there is a lack of systematic studies in this field. In order to get an accurate and representative description of GB from structural and chemical points of view, different techniques are combined in this work. Atom Probe Tomography technique is utilized as the main tool. This technique is able to explore the 3D atomic distribution of broad variety elements at GB. GB geometry is determined from Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction (TKD) map supplemented by APT reconstruction. To gain a better understanding of segregation mechanisms, models of thermally and radiation-induced segregation were employed. (author)
[fr]
Il est bien connu que la segregation intergranulaire du phosphore peut diminuer la cohesion entre les grains, entrainant une fragilisation des aciers. Les aciers bainitiques faiblement allies utilises pour la construction des cuves des reacteurs a eau sous pression (REP) contiennent generalement une faible quantite de phosphore (dans la gamme de 100 ppm). L'exposition continue a une irradiation sous un faible flux de neutrons a une temperature moyenne (environ 300 deg. C) conduit a une fragilisation de l'acier de l'acier de cuve. La segregation intergranulaire du phosphore peut potentiellement contribuer a cette fragilisation. Pour assurer la fiabilite des REP en fonctionnement, il est donc important de comprendre les effets des conditions de vieillissement (temperature, dose d'irradiation etc.), de la composition du materiau et du type de joint de grains (JG) sur l'intensite de la segregation intergranulaire du phosphore. La litterature montre que la segregation intergranulaire peut fortement varier entre differents joints de grains. Cependant, les etudes systematiques manquent dans ce champ d'etude.Dans le but d'obtenir une description precise et representative des joints de grains d'un point de vue structural et chimique, ce travail combine differentes techniques. La principale technique utilisee est la Sonde Atomique Tomographique (SAT). Cette technique permet d'explorer en trois dimensions la distribution atomique d'une grande variete d'elements dans les joints de grains. La geometrie des joints de grains est determinee grace a la Diffraction de Kikuchi en Transmission (TKD) associee a une reconstruction de SAT. Pour avoir une meilleure comprehension des mecanismes de segregation, des modeles segregation d'equilibre et de segregation induite par l'irradiation ont ete utilises. (auteur)Original Title
Methodologie instrumentale a l'echelle atomique pour une meilleure comprehension des mecanismes de segregation intergranulaire dans les aciers: application au phosphore
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Source
20 Dec 2017; 193 p; 329 refs.; Available from the INIS Liaison Officer for France, see the INIS website for current contact and E-mail addresses; These de doctorat, Specialite: Physique - Sciences des Materiaux
Record Type
Miscellaneous
Literature Type
Thesis/Dissertation
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Country of publication
AGING, AUGER ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY, COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY, DEPTH DOSE DISTRIBUTIONS, EMBRITTLEMENT, ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY, GRAIN BOUNDARIES, ION MICROPROBE ANALYSIS, LOW ALLOY STEELS, MASS SPECTROSCOPY, PHOSPHORUS, PHYSICAL RADIATION EFFECTS, POST-IRRADIATION EXAMINATION, PRECIPITATION, SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY, SEGREGATION, TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE, TERNARY ALLOY SYSTEMS, X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY
ALLOY SYSTEMS, ALLOYS, CARBON ADDITIONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES, ELECTRON MICROSCOPY, ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY, ELEMENTS, IRON ALLOYS, IRON BASE ALLOYS, MICROANALYSIS, MICROSCOPY, MICROSTRUCTURE, NONDESTRUCTIVE ANALYSIS, NONMETALS, RADIATION DOSE DISTRIBUTIONS, RADIATION EFFECTS, SEPARATION PROCESSES, SPATIAL DOSE DISTRIBUTIONS, SPECTROSCOPY, STEELS, TOMOGRAPHY, TRANSITION ELEMENT ALLOYS
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