[en] We study the inclusive production of bottom-flavored hadrons from semileptonic decays of polarized top quarks at next-to-leading order in QCD using fragmentation functions recently determined from a global fit to e${}^{+}$e${}^{-<!--\; ???\; -->}$ data. We provide the relevant differential decay widths at parton level in analytic form. These results fill an important gap in the theoretical interpretation of recent measurements of the top-quark polarization and the $t\stackrel{¯<!--\; ??\; -->}{t}$ spin correlations using dilepton final states in proton-proton collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. As an illustration, we study the distributions in the scaled bottom-hadron energy of the polarized-top-quark decay widths for different W-boson helicities.