[en] The use of physical methods for seed treatment, such as gamma radiation technology, has contributed to improve the performance of agricultural crops. Low doses of gamma radiation can promote a stimulating effect on biological systems, known as hormesis, with improvements in adaptive response to more severe challenges. Therefore, there is an increasing search for accurate methods for real time diagnosis of the effect of ionizing radiation in seeds. The present study aimed to investigate the use of multispectral optical sensors for rapid detection of the effects of different doses of gamma radiation on soybean seed performance. The research was conducted with two soybean cultivars (M5705 IPRO and NS7505 IPRO) represented by classes with low and high seed vigor, which were irradiated at 0, 12, 16 and 20 Gy. Reflectance images were captured using 19 wavelengths (365 to 970 nm), and auto fluorescence images were obtained using 11 excitation/emission combinations (365/400 to 660/700 nm). In addition, the protein and crude fat content of the seeds were determined. Seedlings grown from irradiated seeds were evaluated for chlorophyll a fluorescence, quantum efficiency of photosystem II (FV/FM), and the anthocyanin and chlorophyll a index. Increasing the dose of gamma radiation promoted an increase in the crude protein content in classes of low and high vigor seeds, but for crude fat content the response was dependent on the seed vigor and genotype. Changes in the spectral patterns of seeds irradiated at different doses of gamma radiation occurred particularly in high vigor seeds, with greater response for NS7505 IPRO cultivar. However, in the seed class of low vigor from NS7505 IPRO cultivar, all doses of gamma rays induced a greater synthesis of chlorophyll a in the resulting seedlings, which did not occur in M5705 IPRO cultivar. For M5705 IPRO cultivar, the effects were more evident in relation to the efficiency of chemical energy conversion of seedlings at a dose of 16 Gy. Therefore, the multispectral sensors used in this research allowed a better understanding of the relationship between the spectral patterns and the effects of gamma ray treatments on soybean seeds, which can be used as new markers for rapid identification of the best gamma ray doses to stimulate plant growth parameters. (author)