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Mercer, B.W.; Ames, L.L.
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, Wash. (USA)1977
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, Wash. (USA)1977
AbstractAbstract
[en] Bench-scale pilot plant studies were conducted to evaluate chemical coagulation and ion exchange for decontamination of 2724-W laundry wastewater. Chemical coagulation is accomplished at pH 11 to avoid complexant problems and assure good transuranic radionuclide removals. Clinoptilolite is used to remove cesium and strontium. Results of the pilot plant studies are summarized as follows: Decontamination factors of 70 (strontium) and more than 100 (cesium) were achieved by chemical coagulation and ion exchange. Decontamination factors exceeding 90 were measured for europium by coagulation with a combination of ferric chloride, magnesium chloride, and calcium chloride added to the wastewater at pH 11. Coagulation with these three agents in the wastewater at pH 11 was more effective for turbidity removal than coagulation with lime. Addition of up to 1.7 lb of clinoptilolite fines per 1000 gallons of wastewater during coagulation did not substantially increase strontium and cesium removal. Filtration without chemical coagulation reduced suspended solids by only 25%. About 70% of the suspended solids remaining in the filtered wastewater were removed in the zeolite column causing plugging which could not be easily dislodged by backwashing. Plugging of the ion exchange columns by previously clarified wastewater required short periods of limited backwashing to relieve the plug. The plugging is due to CaCO3 and is not expected to be a severe problem in a full-scale plant with brief detention times between filtration and ion exchange. A high pressure surface wash should be included in the columns to break up crust or plugs at the surface of the zeolite. Centrifugation of iron sludges for 2 min at 2000 g reduced the sludge volume to about 1% of the total wastewater volume. Wet iron sludges from the sludge storage tank were readily dewatered by vacuum filtration. 14 tables, 9 figures
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15 Mar 1977; 60 p; Available from NTIS., PC A04/MF A01
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Report
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ALKALI METALS, ALKALINE EARTH METAL COMPOUNDS, ALKALINE EARTH METALS, CALCIUM COMPOUNDS, CHLORIDES, CHLORINE COMPOUNDS, CLAYS, CLEANING, DISPERSIONS, ELEMENTS, FUNCTIONAL MODELS, HALIDES, HALOGEN COMPOUNDS, HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS, INORGANIC ION EXCHANGERS, ION EXCHANGE MATERIALS, IRON COMPOUNDS, MAGNESIUM COMPOUNDS, MANAGEMENT, METALS, MINERALS, MIXTURES, OXYGEN COMPOUNDS, PRECIPITATION, RARE EARTHS, SEPARATION PROCESSES, SUSPENSIONS, TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS, TRANSITION ELEMENTS, WASTE MANAGEMENT, WASTE PROCESSING, WASTES
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