[en] PYGMALION (or Pygi for short) is a RELAP5 utility program that updates the initial condition information within a RELAP5 input file. These initial conditions are obtained by performing steady-state calculations, the final results of which are written to a restart/plot (rstplt) file for subsequent use. Pygi accesses the rstplt file, obtains the final conditions for each component of the system model, and replaces the appropriate cards in the original input file with cards containing the new conditions. The new input file then accurately represents the hydrodynamic state of the problem as it was at the end of the steady-state initialization run

[en] It is shown on the basis of stereological definitions and a few simple experiments that the commonly used average dispersion parameters, area fraction (A/sub A/)/sub β/, areal particle density N/sub Aβ/ and mean free path lambda/sub α/, remain invariant during plastic deformation in the case of non-deforming equiaxed particles. Directional effects on the spacing parameters N/sub Aβ/ and lambda/sub α/ arise during uniaxial deformation by rotation and preferred orientation of nonequiaxed particles. Particle arrangement in stringered or layered structures and the effect of deformation on nearest neighbor distances of particles and voids are briefly discussed in relation to strength and fracture theories

[en] A total information management program manages documents for easy access and identifies data elements commonly found in all documents. The program thus links disparate documents by identifying information they share in common

[en] Preliminary posttest analyses have been completed on optical specimens exposed during the Omega II test series conducted on 14 July 2006. The Omega Facility, located at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE) at the University of Rochester was used to produce X-ray environments through the interaction of intense pulsed laser radiation upon germanium-loaded silica aerogels. The optical specimen testing was supported by GH Systems through experiment design, pre- and post-test analyses, specimen acquisition, and overall technical experience. The test specimens were fabricated and characterized by Surface Optics Corporation (SOC), San Diego, CA and were simple protected gold coatings on silica substrates. Six test specimens were exposed, five filtered with thin beryllium foil filters, and one unfiltered which was exposed directly to the raw environment. The experimental objectives were: (1) demonstrate that tests of optical specimens could be performed at the Omega facility; (2) evaluate the use and survivability of beryllium foil filters as a function of thickness; (3) obtain damage data on optical specimens which ranged from no damage to damage; (4) correlate existing thermal response models with the damage data; (5) evaluate the use of the direct raw environment upon the specimen response and the ability/desirability to conduct sensitive optical specimen tests using the raw environment; and (6) initiate the development of a protocol for performing optical coatings/mirror tests. This report documents the activities performed by GH Systems in evaluating and using the environments provided by LLNL, the PUFFTFT analyses performed using those environments, and the calculated results compared to the observed and measured posttest data

[en] Duke Energy's experience in strategy development and structuring relationships with other companies were described. Included was a description of their partnership with PanEnergy and Mobil and a merger between PanEnergy and Duke. In developing their growth strategy, Duke Energy was guided by the following considerations: (1) an assessment of the market, (2) the identification of opportunities, (3) a self-assessment, (4) the establishment of goals, and (5) determining strategic alternatives. The advantages and disadvantages of different structuring relationships were reviewed. Duke Energy's approach to Ontario's residential market and their agreement with Alliance Gas Management were also discussed. The goal of the Alliance Gas management agreement was to simplify Alliance's wholesale gas supply management needs and to allow Alliance access to diverse gas supplies. figs

[en] The National Ignition Facility (NIF) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is a stadium-sized facility that contains a 192-beam, 1.8-Megajoule, 500-Terawatt, ultraviolet laser system together with a 10-meter diameter target chamber with room for multiple experimental diagnostics. NIF is the world's largest and most energetic laser experimental system, providing a scientific center to study inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and matter at extreme energy densities and pressures. NIF's laser beams are designed to compress fusion targets to conditions required for thermonuclear burn, liberating more energy than required to initiate the fusion reactions. 2,500 servers, 400 network devices and 700 terabytes of networked attached storage provide the foundation for NIF's Integrated Computer Control System (ICCS) and Experimental Data Archive. This talk discusses the rationale and benefits for server virtualization in the context of an operational experimental facility, the requirements discovery process used by the NIF teams to establish evaluation criteria for virtualization alternatives, the processes and procedures defined to enable virtualization of servers in a timeframe that did not delay the execution of experimental campaigns and the lessons the NIF teams learned along the way. The virtualization architecture ultimately selected for ICCS is based on the Open Source Xen computing platform and 802.1Q open networking standards. The specific server and network configurations needed to ensure performance and high availability of the control system infrastructure will be discussed.

[en] This paper describes a screening program generated by TOTAL which has already been put to use in several operating companies. The program ensures that operational personnel are able to meet the requirements of their employment in a safe and efficient manner. Depending upon the screening result the candidates are either: qualified for their position; or enrolled in a complementary training program; or reorientated towards alternative activities

[en] Revascularization, one of the major components of bone healing, was examined in an experimental model. The radioactive microsphere technique demonstrated that after 4 weeks beneath a musculocutaneous flap, isolated bone segments had significant blood flow, whereas bone beneath a cutaneous flap did not. The muscle flap bone had a blood flow approximately half that of normal control bone. The muscle of the musculocutaneous flap had a blood flow three times that of the skin of the cutaneous flap. The bipedicle cutaneous flap used was designed to have a healthy blood supply, and at 4 weeks it had a blood flow twice that of control skin. Despite this, there was essentially no demonstrable blood flow in the cutaneous flap bone segments at 4 weeks. Only 3 of 17 bone segments underneath cutaneous flaps showed medullary vascularization, whereas 10 of 11 muscle flap bones did. All bone segments underneath muscle flaps showed osteoblasts and osteoclasts at 4 weeks; neither were seen in the cutaneous bone segments. The process of revascularization occurred through an intact cortex and penetrated into the cancellous bone. Because the bone segments were surrounded by an impervious barrier except for one cortical surface, the cellular activity seen is attributed to revascularization by the overlying flap. In this model, a muscle flap was superior to a cutaneous flap in revascularizing isolated bone segments at 4 weeks. This was documented by blood flow measured by the radioactive microsphere technique and by bone histology

[en] The low angle spectrometer system utilizing a 2-dimensional position sensitive counter was designed to accommodate a variety of experiments in molecular biology requiring good low angle resolution. Biological structures requiring low angle analysis techniques fall into two groups: non-ordered systems (proteins or protein complexes in solution) and ordered systems with large spacings like muscle, collagen, and membranes. For structural investigations into such systems, data are ideally needed to a low scattering angle of 0.2⁰ at 4.5 A or a minimum Q of 0.005 A^-1 (Q = theta . 2π/lambda). Depending on the type of structure, data often extend to the high angle region, say 30⁰. Apart from the low angle requirements, the spectrometer has to have good resolution to resolve diffraction peaks from samples with crystal spacings up to 1000 A or even larger. While it is desirable to build a spectrometer to such scattering conditions, given reactor conditions might not permit this and compromises have to be made between flux, resolution and lowest angle. The low angle spectrometer described here was designed to be used at the HFBR neutron beam pipe working at approximately 4.2 A or at the H4 satellite station working at 2.4 A

[en] A main breakout session (5-1/2 hours total) identified, open-quotes prioritizedclose quotes and then discussed the following issues: (a) Planning for shutdown; (b) Monitoring of shutdown activities; (c) Requirements before startup. Three later separate sessions (each of 3 hours duration) discussed the frequency and scope of inspections during shutdowns and other relevant topics. The results of all sets of discussions, which involved people from 16 different countries, are summarized in this section of the report. In view of time constraints, the type of shutdown considered was limited to planned periodic shutdowns of plants to carry out maintenance, examination and inspections which might also involve modification to the plants