No abstract available

[en] The design is described of an ionization chamber. Discussed in detail are the chamber filling purity and the most frequently used liquids employed as filling. The experimental part reports measurement of leakage current, volt-ampere characteristics, volume dependence and stability of the ionization chamber. Benefits and constraints are listed of ionization chambers filled with liquid dielectric. (H.S.)

No abstract available

[en] A method is described of measuring surface density or thickness, preferably of coating layers, using radiation emitted by a suitable radionuclide, e.g., ₂₄₁Am. The radiation impinges on the measured material, e.g., a copper foil and in dependence on its surface density or thickness part of the flux of impinging radiation is reflected and part penetrates through the material. The radiation which has penetrated through the material excites in a replaceable adjustable backing characteristic radiation of an energy close to that of the impinging radiation (within +-30 keV). Part of the flux of the characteristic radiation spreads back to the detector, penetrates through the material in which in dependence on surface density or thickness of the coating layer it is partly absorbed. The flux of the penetrated characteristic radiation impinging on the face of the detector is a function of surface density or thickness. Only that part of the energy is evaluated of the energy spectrum which corresponds to the energy of characteristic radiation. (B.S.)

[en] The nondestructive measurement of the diameter, the width or another parameter of rod, tube or band material is described using the backscattering of gamma radiation with energy lower than 300 keV. The collimated photon beam has, in the measuring point, a diameter greater than that of the material being measured. An absorber of a material with the atomic number greater than 70 whose diameter exceeds that of the collimated gamma beam is used for eliminating the unwanted gamma radiation scattering b.v objects behind the measured material. The absorber position related to the material measured is adjusted to a distance of 0 to 30 cm. (B.S.)

[en] A scintillator is described for the detection of backscatterred gamma radiation with an energy of less than 150 KeV and/or for the detection of beta radiation without limitation of energy. The patent is based on the principle of the placement of the source in the case which is light-proof and is fixed in the scintillator cavity. The position of the radiation source is adjustable practically along the entire height of the case cavity. (J.K.)

[en] The method of backscattered radiation of two radionuclides was used for measurement. One radionuclide emits radiation of such energy that the wall thickness of the pipe to be radiographed is saturated for the given radiation emitted while the other emits radiation for which the wall thickness is not saturated. The equipment configuration is such that both radiation beams impact the pipe to be radiographed and their width at the point of the impact of the collimated flux of both radiations exceeds the outer pipe diameter. The backscattered radiation flux of the first radionuclide is then proportional to the outer pipe diameter while the backscattered radiation flux of the second radionuclide is proportional to the pipe weight at the given point. Two signals obtained from at least one detection unit allow determining the two parameters under study, i.e., the pipe outer diameter and wall thickness in nine variants. (H.S.)

[en] Defects are detected using radiation absorption. Two collimated beams are used forming an angle of 3 to 357deg. Radiation intensity passing through material is measured by at least two detection units. Radiation sources and detection units move along a helix relative to the cylinder. The signal from one unit is delayed using delay lines by a time necessary for the movement of the unit to a place where the second unit was previously. Both signals corresponding to a single measuring point are processed (added or subtracted). A defect can unequivocally be shown after the compensation of the signals by a compensation signal. The proposed method reduces the chance of false crack detection due to fluctuations. (Ha)

[en] The claimed method of monitoring the geometrical parameters of objects by back-scattered gamma or beta radiation consists in deflecting one or more radiation beams impinging on the sites of the radiographed object where changes occur in the width, diameter or any other geometrical parameter. For deflection, interchangeable shutters are used. Sensitivity of measurement is improved if a suitable shutter is used: the back-scattered radiation flux is thus only affected by the particular object site where changes in parameters occur. In more sizeable objects, two or more radiation sources are advisable for the formation of two or more radiation beams. (Ha)

[en] The device is designed for measuring the level height of liquids, e.g. in bottles. A collimated beam of gamma radiation i emitted parallel (to within ±5deg) with the liquid level in the bottle. The detector is aligned off the primary beam axis so that only those particles scattered by the Compton effect are detected; alignment perpendicular to the primary beam is convenient. (P.A.). 3 figs