[en] A neutral beam injector comprising a neutralizing cell for neutralizing charged particles, and a direct converter for recovering the energy of unneutralized charged particles passed through the neutralizing cell. The direct converter comprises a collector for collecting charged particles, a deflector which is interposed between the neutralizing cell and the collector in order to cross and diverge beams of the charged particles, a first electron suppressor interposed between the neutralizing cell and the deflector, and a second electron suppressor disposed behind the collector

[en] When one attempts to apply the theoretical analysis to the realistic object, the difficulties will be encountered in its own complications of the external shape and its internal structures. Currently the method of the theoretical analysis to the radiography is based on calculation of two types of contributions: one is the direct penetrating, and the other is the once scattered. In the real world, however, the multiple scattering also contributes to form the radiograph. To get over these difficulties the author intends to construct new systematic approaches by means of the Monte Carlo simulation methods. These approaches, known as MORSE-CG¹, are recognized its validity in the fields of the nuclear engineering. This method has the prominent ability to describe the complicated shape of the materials. so if we arrange the method to match the situation found in the radiation inspection, we can expect to construct of the new model which is applicable to the various circumstances encountered in the radiography. And also by its own nature of the Monte Carlo simulation the multiple scattering can be treated essentially in the same manner as the single or directly penetrating radiation

[en] Taking advantage of the equivalence between supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory on non-commutative spaces and the field theory limit of D3-branes in the background of NSNS 2-form field, we investigate the static properties of magnetic monopoles and dyons using brane construction techniques. When parallel D3-branes are separated by turning on a Higgs vacuum expectation value, D-strings will stretch between them at an angle which depends on the value of the background 2-form potential. These states preserve half of the supersymmetries and have the same masses as their commutative counterparts in the field theory limit. We also find stable (p,q)-dyons and string junctions. We find that they do not preserve any supersymmetry but have the same masses as their commutative counterparts. In the field theory limit, the (p,q)-dyons and the string junctions restore 1/2 and 1/4 of the 16 supersymmetries, respectively. (author)

[en] We study the structure of the monopole configuration in U(2) non-commutative super Yang-Mills theory. Our analysis consists of two steps: solving the BPS equation and then the eigenvalue equation in the non-commutative space. Calculation to the first non-trivial order in the non-commutativity parameter theta shows that the monopole exhibits a certain non-locality. This structure is precisely the one expected from the recent predictions by the brane-configuration technique. (author)

[en] The growth rate of obliquely propagating whistler mode waves in a cold plasma that also contains some hot electrons in a bi-Maxwellian distribution is analysed. Approximate analytic expressions for the growth rate are derived explicitly. They are represented by elementary functions only, consisting of a Landau damping term and a cyclotron instability term. They are found to be valid for a wide range of wave normal angles. Landau damping in the oblique propagation does not always become larger even if the wave normal angles increases. The necessary conditions for the minimal parallel growth are ω > 0.5Ωsub(e) and Tsub(perpendicular to) > 2Tsub(parallel to) in the bi-Maxwellian hot plasma. This method is applied to calculations of the net growth along the ray paths of obliquely propagating non-ducted whistler mode waves in a model magnetosphere. (author)

[en] The structure of the Stewartson Esup(1/4)-layer (E being the Ekman number) in a compressible gas contained in a rapidly rotating cylinder is investigated for the case in which the end plates of the cylinder are thermally insulated. It was found by Matsuda and Hashimoto (J. Fluid. Mech.; 78:337 (1976)) that the Esup(1/4)-layer could not have a relevant structure in the ordinary configuration in which the Esup(1/4)-layer meets the end plates through its Ekman extension of thickness Esup(1/2). In this paper the Esup(1/4) x Esup(1/4) square region, in addition to the Ekman extension, is considered. The heat generation due to the radial fluid motions in the Ekman extension causes the temperature fields in the Esup(1/4) x Esup(1/4) square region through which heat is conducted to the side wall of the cylinder. Numerical calculations were made to obtain the temperature fields, which are shown in several figures. (author)

[en] Tailoring active nickel alloy cathodes for hydrogen evolution in a hot concentrated hydroxide solution was attempted by electrodeposition. The carbon addition to Ni-Mo alloys decreased the nanocrystalline grain size and remarkably enhanced the activity for hydrogen evolution, changing the mechanism of hydrogen evolution. The Tafel slope of hydrogen evolution was about 35 mV per decade. This suggested that the rate-determining step is desorption of adsorbed hydrogen atoms by recombination. As was distinct from the binary Ni-Mo alloys, after open circuit immersion, the overpotential, that is, the activity of nanocrystalline Ni-Mo-C alloys for hydrogen evolution was not changed, indicating the sufficient durability in the practical electrolysis

[en] A description is given of research and development work being carried out in Japan into the volume reduction of radioactive waste. Three techniques which are either currently in use or about to be put into use are described. These are: incineration; oxidation of the ion exchange resin; recycling to recover sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide from the regeneration wastes of the demineralizer. The design of a radwaste treatment system which uses all three processes is described. (U.K.)

[en] 6-Nitroquipazine (DU 24565; 6-nitro 2-piperazinylquinoline) is a very potent 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; serotonin) uptake inhibitor. It has been demonstrated very recently that [3H]-6-nitroquipazine is a suitable radioligand for studying 5-HT uptake sites. The present study evaluates [3H]6-nitroquipazine as a radioligand for in vivo labeling of 5-HT uptake sites in mouse brain. Very high uptake of radioactivity in the brain after i.v. administration of [3H]-6-nitroquipazine was shown. Regional distribution of the radioactivity in mouse brain 3 hr after injection of [3H]-6-nitroquipazine was in the order (highest to lowest) hypothalamus greater than midbrain greater than striatum greater than hippocampus greater than cerebral cortex greater than medulla oblongata greater than cerebellum. The regional distribution of in vivo [3H]-6-nitroquipazine binding in mouse brain was highly correlated with that in rat brain obtained from previous in vitro binding studies. Coadministration of carrier 6-nitroquipazine (5 mg/kg) significantly decreased the radioactivity in the hypothalamus, whereas that in the cerebellum and cerebral cortex was increased. Because the cerebellum has very low density of [3H]-6-nitroquipazine binding sites, the radioactivity in the cerebellum could, therefore, reflect the amount on nonspecific binding and free ligand. Kinetic studies showed highest in vivo specific binding 1 hr after injection of [3H]-6-nitroquipazine and slow clearance of specific binding. Specific binding in the hypothalamus was inhibited in a stereoselective manner by the stereoisomers of norzimelidine. Furthermore, specific binding in the hypothalamus was reduced by several 5-HT uptake inhibitors, in a dose-dependent manner

[en] Following our previous paper (hep-th/9909027), we generalize a supersymmetric boundary state so that arbitrary configuration of the gauge field coupled to the boundary of the worldsheet is incorporated. This generalized boundary state is BRST invariant and satisfy the non-linear boundary conditions with non-constant gauge field strength. This boundary state contains divergence which is identical with the loop divergence in a superstring $/σ$ model. Hence vanishing of the $/β$ function in the superstring $/σ$ model corresponds to a well-defined boundary state with no divergence. The coupling of a single closed superstring massless mode with multiple open string massless modes is encoded in the boundary state, and we confirm that derivative correction to the D-brane action in this sector vanishes up to the first non-trivial order $O(/α'/p²)$. Combining T-dualities, we incorporate also general configurations of the scalar fields on the D-brane, and construct boundary states representing branes stuck to another D-brane, with use of BIon configuration. (author)