[en] Purposes of the development of the Intor international tokamak-reactor are stated in a popular form. Activity of the International working group in IAEA related to the development of a thermonuclear pilot plant is described in short

[en] A possibility is discussed of developing an improved local divertor using poloidal fields for producing a magnetic field tube out going from a plasma. A branch-divertor is a version of a bundle-divertor with minimum perturbation of a toroidal field. Its advantage lies in the fact that mechanical loads in it are considerably less than in a bundle-divertor. Both the bundle-divertor and branch-divertor do not preserve magnetic surfaces but give rise to some stochasticity of fields in peripherical regions. The degree of surface destruction can be determined by numerical calculations only. But even with destructed surfaces the branch-divertor may appear to be very convenient for executing ''electron shower'' functions (electron unloading divertor). The branch-divertor can serve not only for thermal unloading, but also for pumping out impurities (helium, particularly) and the DT mixture (the latter is desirable from the point of view of controlling the composition of DT mixture). Even without pumping out the cooling of the plasma periphery should significantly diminish the interaction of plasma with a wall, and in this way the impurity flow

[en] The book which is an introduction to the theory of collective phenomena in plasma considers both regular linear and nonlinear processes in plasma and its turbulence. Nonlinear waves in weakly dispersing media, self-focusing and selfcompression of wave packets nonlinear Landau damping echo in plasma and wave sc attering on particles are analysed. Plasma turbulence, weak, ionosonic, Langmuir and MHD-turbulences are considered. The reshorting of magnetic force lines in plasma is also discussed

[en] The mechanism of field line reclosing is proposed as the most natural explanation of disruptive instability in tokamaks. This mechanism adequately accounts for the internal disruptive instability, assuming that only mode m = 1 develops. It is extended to the presence of two or several modes. When there is a large number of allowed modes, one can speak of free reclosing, which leads to a force-free magnetic field in a diffusion discharge. In a tokamak, B/sub Z/ much greater than B/sub theta/, free reclosing leads to a uniform distribution of the current over the column cross section and to ejection of part of the poloidal flux beyond the confines of the diaphragm. It may be stated that the disruptive instability in a tokamak is an MHD activity that flares up for a short time and is permanently present in a diffusion column. The geometry of magnetic surfaces during reclosing has been analyzed, and qualitative arguments are given to show that disruptive instability begins to develop as a result of the interaction of the mode m = 2 with the inner mode m = 1

[en] The design of a test thermonuclear reactor (TTR) developed in the USSR within the program of developing commercial thermonuclear reactors is presented. Program purposes of TTR, approximate parameters, system of tritium reproduction, planned load, system of superconducting magnets, cooling system are described in brief. Now TTR development is at the stage of designing

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[en] Approaches and the basic results of investigations on quasistationary systems carried out in the USSR at tokamaks, stellarators and open traps (magnetic and electromagnetic) are presented. The consideration is given to the experiments at the T-10, T-4, T-11, FT-1, ''Tuman-2A'', T-10M tokamaks, the ''Liven'-2'' and ''Uragan'' stellarators, the LIN-5B and ''Yupiter-1M'' traps. A short review of the theoretical investigations in this field is given

[en] The effect experimentally observed determining definite optimal profiles of plasma current and pressure density distribution is explained by the supposition on the existence of relaxation state of tokamak plasma. This state corresponds to minimum total energy at the given current. At optimal power contribution, when current and pressure density profiles being also optimal, ohmic scaling of confinement can advance rather deep in density, i.e. according to β_p. When power contribution profile deviating from optimal one, plasma ''resists'' to deviation from optimal profiles, the higher is β_p the greater is resistance. In this case rearangement of heat conductivity profile occurs to conserve the relaxation state. Non-optimal profiles can lead to degradation of global energy high time, that can be phenomenologically connected with excitation of magnetic noises of excess free energy in plasma. The given argumentation permits to understand qualitatively physics of tokamak plasma self-organization

[en] The results of works realized in the course of the first phase of the INTOR international tokamak reactor development are discussed. The essence of the INTOR reactor conceptual design is stated in brief. The INTOR aims and its role in the international thermonuclear program are described as well as technical aspects of the design and investigations which are to be carried out for the substantiation of the project. Specific features of configuration of the reactor basic systems and their maintenance are considered as well as problems of radiation protection and safety, plasma diagnostics, data acquisition and the installation control. It is concluded that the INTOR conceptual project considered may serve as a basis for the realization of the technical design. The project provides a certain parameter variations so that the existing at present uncertainties in plasma physics and technology will not considerably change the solutions adopted in the design

[en] Since INTOR Phase One, a large amount of experimental and theoretical work has been done to clarify the main plasma physics issues. Recent progress in theory and experiments on plasma stability and magnetic confinement properties, together with discussions on neutral-beam heating, plasma equilibrium and burn control, is summarized in this paper. (author)