[en] The way in which the regime of General Zia in Pakistan fanned the embers of a nuclear arms-race in South Asia and how Zia's democratic successors may, with co-operation from India, be able to avoid a conflagration, is outlined

[en] The contribution of Europe as a whole, in conjunction with the superpowers, to fulfilment of the crucial Non-Proliferation Treaty article VI, in the shape of the Intermediate Nuclear Forces Treaty, is analyzed. The prospects for further, similar measures, and their value for the sustaining of the non-proliferation regime are assessed

[en] The implications of the clandestine Israeli nuclear arsenal for the conflict in the Middle East are studied in the light of emerging Arab reactions to it. The opportunities for European influence on the policy and programmes of this threshold state are described

[en] In June 1998, NRPB published formal advice to Government on radon Affected Areas in Wales. Estimates of the percentage of homes exceeding the Action Level of 200 Bq m^-3 in each 5 km square of the Ordnance Survey National Grid were given in a map covering the whole of Wales. This companion report gives details of results of radon measurements in Welsh homes available to early 1998. The data are presented by unitary authority and postcode divisions. The atlas section shows the same information as given on the map in the formal advice at a larger scale in a series of plates which also include selected towns and other information. (author)

[en] Measurements of radon in some 2500 dwellings throughout Scotland by 1993 show that the average concentration is 16 Bq m^-3 with some values a hundred times higher. Around 100 of these dwellings are above the Action Level of 200 Bq m^-3 adopted by the Government. Most of the measurements and most of the high radon results are in Highland and Grampian Regions. Data are presented in considerable detail and in various forms. An estimated 2000 dwellings in Scotland exceed the Action Level, mostly in the Districts of Caithness, Sutherland, Gordon, and Kincardine and Deeside, parts of which are separately designated as Affected Areas. Recommendations are made to promote the discovery and remedy of dwellings above the Action Level throughout Scotland. (author)

[en] In magnetic fusion plasmas it is necessary for the energetic particles to cross magnetic fields and yet be stopped in the plasma; this is conveniently done with a beam of neutral atoms. The author concentrates on how neutral beams are produced and how they interact with plasma. (Auth.)

[en] Discharge optimisation for improving MHD stability of both core and edge was essential for the achievement of record fusion power discharges, in the ELM-free hot-ion H-mode regime, in the recent JET deuterium-tritium operation. In this paper the techniques used to increase edge stability are described. In particular the paper reports on the successful technique of current ramp-down used to suppress the outer mode. The increased stability of the outer mode by decreasing the edge current density confirms its identification as an n=1 external kink. Decreasing the plasma current, however, decreases the ELM-free period, which is consistent with stability calculations that show an earlier onset of the ballooning limit. In order to increase external kink stability without deteriorating the ELM-free period, a compromise was achieved by using plasma current ramp-down, while working at the highest plasma current values possible. Results from a plasma current scan show that at the time of occurrence of the first giant ELM, the plasma stored energy as well as the pressure measured at the top of the edge pedestal increase linearly with plasma current, for a given plasma configuration and power. This is consistent with models of the edge transport barrier, where the transport barrier width is proportional to the ion (or fast ion) poloidal Larmor radius. The MHD observations in deuterium-tritium and deuterium only discharges were found to be similar. Thus the experience gained on the control of MHD modes in deuterium plasmas could be fully exploited in the deuterium-tritium campaign. (author)

[en] Measurements of radon made in some 1500 dwellings throughout Northern Ireland by the autumn of 1993 show that the average concentration is 19 Bq m^-3 with some values up to fifty times higher. Around 30 of these dwellings are above the Action Level of 200 Bq m^-3 adopted by the Government. Data are presented in considerable detail and various forms. Several hundred dwellings in Northern Ireland are estimated to exceed the Action Level, most of which are in a separately designated Affected Area in the southeast. Recommendations are made to promote the discovery and remedy of dwellings above the Action Level throughout Northern Ireland. (author)

[en] Models for the suppression of turbulence in the L to H transition, suggest that the width of the H-mode edge barrier is either proportional or is of the order of the ion poloidal Larmor radius. This would require that the width of the edge barrier should depend on the plasma current. This dependence has been clearly verified at JET in experiments designed to control the edge MHD stability of ELM-free hot-ion H-mode plasmas. The effects of isotopic mass and the applicability of several edge barrier models to the hot-ion H-mode plasmas were analysed in using a large database containing both Deuterium-only (DD) and Deuterium-Tritium (DT) plasmas. This database has now been enlarged to include discharges from a plasma shape scan, allowing to study the dependence of the pedestal height on the edge shear. In addition the range of plasma currents was extended up to 6 MA. It is shown that the edge data is best described by a model where the edge barrier width is determined by the fast ions weighted towards the components with largest poloidal Larmor radii. However, it is not possible to eliminate conclusively the thermal ion model. (author)

[en] In the UK, radon surveys are designed to determine average exposures and to identify affected homes at reasonable cost. The majority of measurements are provided free to householders by government. The nature and volume of the work require a streamlined operation and significant effort, with considerable use being made of the postcode system for the management of the surveys and analysis of data. (author)