[en] Objective: To evaluate the effect, duration, toxicity of postoperative hypofractionated radiotherapy (HOFRT) for breast cancer and the possibility of its replacing the conventional radiotherapy (CRT). Methods: Sixty operated and accepted such patients were randomized from March 1995 to Dec. 1997, into HOFRT (n=30) group and CRT (n=30) group. The internal mammary chain (IMC), chest wall, and axillo-supraclavicular area were treated according to TNM stage and the number of positive axillary lymph nodes. The chest wall was treated by two opposing parallel tangential fields with 6MV X-ray in the HOFRT group. The axillo-supraclavicular area was treated with 6MV X-ray plus electron beam. The IMC was treated with 12-14 MeV electron beam. Dose was 23 Gy in 4 fractions over 17 days in the HOFRT group (5.0 Gy on D1 and 3, 6.5 Gy on D15 and 17) and 45-50 Gy in 20-25 fractions over 4-5 weeks in the CRT group. Ten patients in HOFRT and 9 patients in CRT group had additional boost of 10-15 Gy in 5-6 fractions to the axillo-supraclavicular area following the proper treatment. Results: The 5-year overall survival rate, 5-year survival rate of stage III, locoregional recurrence rate in HOFRT and CRT groups were 65.8% and 76.9%, 59.8% and 80.0% (P>0.05), 10.7% and 7.4% (P>0.05) respectively. Lymphoedema and hypoactivity of the upper arm induced by radiotherapy was milder in the HOFRT group than the CRT group (8 vs. 14, 6 vs. 7, P>0.05). CRT significantly increased Grade 3 acute radio-epidermitis which obviously prolonged the course of treatment (3 of 30 patients in HOFRT group, 13 of 30 patients in CRT group, P<0.01). Conclusions: HOFRT is safe and effective for breast cancer postoperative treatment. The local recurrence, survival rate and late side effects are comparable in the HOFRT group as compared with that of the CRT group. In the future, it may be possible to replace the conventional radiotherapy by hypofractionated radiotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer

[en] 4 patients with skeletal metastases treated with ⁹⁰Y-EDTMP, 4 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma receiving artery perfusion treatment with ⁹⁰Y-GTMS and 8 patients treated with ³²P-colloid by interstitial and local injection were undergone Bremsstrahlung image with SPECT. High energy collimator was used and a wide energy window was selected by experience. The outline of image attained was clear, the contrast was good and radiopharmaceutical biodistribution could be clearly defined. It is concluded that this technique is of value for observing the clinical course, evaluating the effect of treatment, and predicting prognosis, and explaining clinical phenomena in patients treated with pure β emitter

[en] W nano-fuzzes have been formed due to the large-flux and low-energy (200eV) He"+ irradiation at W surface temperature of 1480 °C. Microscopic evolution of W nano-fuzzes during annealing or low-energy (200 eV) He"+ bombardments has been observed using scanning electron microscopy and thermal desorption spectroscopy. Our measurements show that both annealing and He"+ bombardments can significantly alter the structure of W nano-fuzzes. W nano-fuzzes are thermally unstable due to the He release during annealing, and they are easily sputtered during He"+ bombardments. The current study shows that W nano-fuzzes act as a metastable state during low-energy and large-flux He"+ irradiation at an elevated temperature. - Highlights: • W nano-fuzzes microscopic evolution during annealing or He"+ irradiated have been measured. • W nano-fuzzes are thermally unstable due to He release during annealing. • He are released from the top layer of W fuzzes by annealing. • Metastable W nano-fuzzes are formed due to He"+ irradiation at an elevated temperature.

[en] Objective: To evaluate the effect, duration and toxicity of postoperative hypofractionated radiotherapy (HOFRT) for breast cancer. Methods: From Mar. 1995 to Dec. 1997, 60 patients were randomized into HOFRT (n=30) group or conventional radiotherapy (CRT, n=30) group. The internal mammary chain (IMC), chest wall and axillo-supraclavicular area were treated according to TNM stage and the number of positive axillary lymph nodes. The chest wall was treated by two opposing parallel tangential fields with 6 MV X-ray in HOFRT group. The axillo-supraclavicular area was treated with 6 MV X-ray plus electron beams. The IMC was treated with 14 MeV electron beams. The irradiation dose was 23 Gy in 4 fractions over 17 days in HOFRT group (5.0 Gy on D1 and 3, 6.5 Gy on D15 and 17) and 45-50 Gy in 20-25 fractions over 4-5 weeks in CRT group. Irradiation boost of 10-15 Gy in 5-6 fractions to the axilla area was given to 10 patients in HOFRT group and 9 in CRT group. Results: In HOFER and CRT groups, the 10- year overall survival rates were 56% and 39%; For patients with stage III disease in the two groups, the 10- year overall rates and locoregional recurrence rates were 41% and 52% (P>0.05), and 13% and 10% (P >O.05), respectively. Lymphoedema and hypoactivity of arm induced by radiotherapy were fewer in HOFRT group than CRT group (23% vs 11% and 3% vs 7% ). Grade 2 and 3 acute epidermidis, having extended the course of treatment, was significantly fewer in HOFRT group than CRT group (10% vs 43%, P <0.01 ). Conclusions: Postoperative HOFRT is safe and effective for breast cancer. The local recurrence, survival rate and late side effects in HOFRT group are comparable to those in CRT group. (authors)

[en] Objective: To detect cytokeratin in routine pathology negative regional lymph nodes postoperatively in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). To investigate the relationship of lymph node micrometastasis in P-TNM stages NSCLC and survival rates. Methods: From Jan. 1996 to Dec. 2003, 107 paraffin-embedded specimens of T1-T4N0-N1M0 NSCLC patients were collected. Anti-cytokeratin(CK) antibody AE1/AE3 was applied to detect cytokeratin with Envision^TM method in routine pathological negative region lymph nodes in NSCLC, and selected negative control, positive control and blank control. The pulmo- nary hilar lymph node micrometastasis was upward regulated with stage pCK-N1, mediastinal lymph node mi- crometastatsis was upward regulated with stage pCK-N2. The result applied to SPSS11.0 software to process. Results: The CK positive rate was 29.9% in all the patients. The CK positive rate was 27% (21/78), 30% (7/23), 67%(4/6)in stage p- I, p-II and p-III, respectively. All these data showed the tendency by which detectable rate increased and was accompanied by disease progress. Comparing the annual survival rate and median survival time of the non-micrometastasis group with the micrometastasis group in two groups, the survival rate difference was statistically significant. Comparing the armnal survival rate and median sur- vival time in pCK-III A stage with p- I -II stage, pCK-III A stage annual survival rate and median survival time was significantly different(P=0.020). Similarly, comparing the survival rate in pCK-II B stage with p- I B stage, pCK- II B stage survival rate was significantly different( P = 0. 059). Comparing the survival time of pCK-IIIA stage with p-III stage, pCK-II B stage, with p-II B stage, euther survival time difference was statistically significant (P=0.838, 0.518). Conclusions: The rate of positive cytokeratin increase is accompanied by the disease progress in NSCLC. Positive cytokeratin has disadvantageous prognosis. It is showed that pCK-N1 may be equal to p-N1 and pCK-N2 which also may be equal to p-N2. Micrometastasis may affect the UICC staging currently in use. (authors)

[en] The effectiveness of RII is evaluated with ^99mTc labelled anti-CEA McAb for the detection of colorectal cancer and its metastatic foci. Anti-CEA McAb was labelled with ^99mTc using Schwarz's method modified by Guo Ruzhen. The imaging was performed in 22 cases suspected colorectal cancer and 5 postoperative cases at 6 or 24 hours after intravenous injection of anti-CEA McAb labelled with ^99mTc. Among these subjects, 43 foci of primary, recurrent and metastatic lesions were proved by pathological examination, RII found 34 foci, the overall sensitivity of RII was 79.1% (34/43). The sensitivity of RII for primary colorectal carcinoma was 80% (16/20), for the cases of extrahepatic metastasis wa 75% (15/20), 15 of 18 cases who was not found metastasis of abdominal lymph nodes was negative in the imaging, the specificity was 83.3% (15/18). ^99mTc labelled anti-CEA McAb was significant in diagnosis of primary colorectal cancer, postoperative recurrence and various metastasis

[en] Objective: To analyze the normal lung dose-volume histogram (DVH) varieties in the former and later period(P₁ and P₂) of three dimensional conformal radiation therapy(3DCRT) plans and the compound(P_c) plan in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC), and to access the feasibility to modify the target volume during the treatment course. Methods: Twenty-one NSCLC patients who had received accelerated hyper-fractionation 3DCRT in P₂ were included in the study. Both of the P₁ and P₂ plans were redesigned to a total dose of 70 Gy with V₂₀ smaller than 35%. When the target volume was modified and P₂ plan was redesigned using accelerated hyper-fractionation 3 DCRT of 30 Gy after P₁ plan of 40 Gy, the P_c plan was compounded by transmitting the parameters (such as target volume, irradiation field and dose) of P₁ plan into P₂ plan. Total lung volume and target volumes (GTV, PTV) of P₁ and P₂ were evaluated. MLD, V₅, V₁₀, V₂₀ and V₃₀ of P₁, P₂ and P_c were calculated. Results: The total lung volume in P₁ and P₂ plans was not significantly different (t=0.19, P=0.850). The volumes of GTV, PTV in P₂ were obviously smaller than P₁ (t=2.88, P= 0.009; t=4.01, P=0.001). When comparing P₂ with P₁, MLD were 16.5 Gy Vs 17.8 Gy (t=2. 60, P=0.017), V₃₀ was significantly decreased (t=2.19, P=0.041), but V₅, V₁₀ and V₂₀ had no significant difference. Similar differences were found in MLD, V₅, V₁₀, V₂₀ and V₃₀ when comparing P_c to P₁. P₂ plans had significantly smaller MLD, V₅, V₁₀, V₂₀ and V₃₀ than P_c plans. Fourteen patients with decreased PTV were further analyzed. The V₃₀ and MLD decreased significantly(t=3.00, P=0.010; t=2.38, P=0.033), but V₅, V₁₀, V₂₀ had no difference when comparing P₁ and P₂ plans. Among these 14 patients, the V₁₀ and V₃₀ decreased significantly(t=2.76, P=0.033; t=3.60, P=0.011) when P₂ plans were generated using the same field number and beam angles in P₁ plans in 7 patients. The parameters were similar in P₁ and P_c plans, but increased significantly when comparing to P₂. Various parameters were the same among P₁, P₂ and P_c plans when P₂ plans were designed using 1-2 different fields and angles in the other 7 patients. The differences were not significant between P₁ and P₂ plans in 7 patients with the same or increased PTV. Expansion or contraction of PTV significantly influenced MLD and V₂₀ (r=-0.62, P=0.03; r=0.48, P=0.029). Conclusions: When the tumor regresses, the high dose volume of the lung decreases with modifying the target volume and re planning in the later period using accelerated hyper-fractionation 3DCRT. The low dose volume of the lung may decrease if the field orientations are same throughout the treatment. It is rational to evaluate the normal lung DVH of the whole plan when the physical parameters of the later period plan are the same as the former one. (authors)

[en] ^99mTc-MIBI lung imaging were performed in 41 patients with lung tumor (30 patients with malignant lesions, 11 patients with benign lesions). The delayed rest T/N ratio and uptake index were calculated. The sensitivity was 86.7%. The specificity was 90.9% and 81.8% respectively. It was considered that ^99mTc-MIBI lung imaging is useful for the differentiation between benign and malignancy in lung tumors

[en] A model of transient synovitis was established by means of injecting noradrenaline (NA) into the joint cavity of young dogs. Radionuclide three phase bone imaging was then used to observe the local blood supply of femoral head and histological examination was used to understand the natural course of the disease process. The result showed that there were transient synovitis of the hip and decrease of blood supply in the affected femoral head after NA injection, but the changes gradually returned to normal after 4 weeks. No evidence of femoral head necrosis had been noticed. It is suggested that serial quantitative analysis of three phase bone imaging may have good clinical value in the early diagnosis transient hip synovitis, as well as in the assessment of the stage of the disease etc

[en] Graphical abstract: Hydroxyapatite nanorods are synthesized using biocompatible biomolecule pyridoxal-5′-phosphate as a new organic phosphorus source by the hydrothermal method. - Highlights: • Hydrothermal synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanorods is reported. • Biocompatible pyridoxal-5′-phosphate is used as an organic phosphorus source. • This method is simple, surfactant-free and environmentally friendly. - Abstract: Hydroxyapatite nanorods are synthesized by the hydrothermal method using biocompatible biomolecule pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP) as a new organic phosphorus source. In this method, PLP biomolecules are hydrolyzed to produce phosphate ions under hydrothermal conditions, and these phosphate ions react with pre-existing calcium ions to form hydroxyapatite nanorods. The effects of experimental conditions including hydrothermal temperature and time on the morphology and crystal phase of the products are investigated. This method is simple, surfactant-free and environmentally friendly. The products are characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis