[en] The progress is reported in radiation engineering over the past 30 years of production and application of isotopes, sources of ionizing radiation, as well as the researches in this field are characterized. A wide application of radioactive isotopes is shown for the production of radioisotope sources of electric energy, power radiation facilities for different branches of industry, for nuclear-physical method of analysis, radioisotopic measuring instruments, for the development of radiation defectoscopy methods, and of radiation equipment to be used in therapy. A high efficiency is noted of applying radiation engineering in national economy

[en] The development and application of equipment for fluorescent roentgenoradiometric analysis of the composition of substances are considered. The physical foundations of the method are explained. Some techniques for rapid analysis with an allowance for matrix effects are considered. Radioisotope sources are described, and the fields of their optimum application are indicated. The parameters of X-ray detectors are considered. Questions of development of industrial equipment for different purposes are elucidated. Reference material for roentgenoradiometric analysis is presented

[en] The use of continuous automatic stabilization method of spectrometric circuit in X-ray radiometric equipment is described. An integral circuit of autostabilization is considered. The calculation on the choice of reference point channel discrimination level was carried out. At this calculation reference point decay influence is very small. The scheme is presented according to which high voltage fed to the counter is regulated. Temperature tests of input device including the counter showed that the peak position shift is about 0.7 % at temperature variation from +10 to +50 deg C

[en] Results of experiments on excitation of characteristic radiation in a vacuum chamber for K and L shells are presented. Thick targets made of different materials have been irradiated by α-particles from a ²¹⁰Po radioisotope source with an activity of 4.15 mCi. The α-particle energy has been measured with the help of lavsan films having different thicknesses. Ionization cross sections have been determined in the impulse approximation. The experimental values of yields for K shells are less than theoretical ones which is explained by the fact that at ionization cross-section calculations an increase in the electron-binding energy caused by penetration of an α-particle into the K shell has not been taken into account

[en] The least-square method for characteristic X radiation processing is presented; it is assumed that the approximation function has a linear dependence on parameters to be evaluated. A normal equation system is obtained in a matrix form, to solve it a standard program in the IS-22 system is developed. Spectra have been processed on the M-222 computer; for a spectrum with 400 channels capacity having 8 parameters the processing time is 30 s. Characteristic radiation spectra of Ca and K processed with the least-square method are presented. The comparison of theoretical and experimental spectra, carried out by means of the chi² criterion yields satisfactory results, energy resolution being 160 eV for all the photopeaks

No abstract available

[en] The methods of direct and indirect determination of the thickness of nickel coating on the components of ball bearings by X-ray fluorescence technique are considered. The justification of selection of the radiation source and the measurement scheme is presented. It is demonstrated that the best results are obtained when the tritium-zirconium target is used as the primary radiation source and the characteristic radiation of nickel is recorded by proportional counters. The dependence of the mean square error of the coating thickness determination on the thickness of the coating layer is shown

[en] Expressions have been obtained, which make it possible to estimate the effect of primary radiation linear polarization on decrease of the threshold of detectability in the X-ray radiometric analysis that, in turn, permits an increase in the analysis sensitivity and calculation of analyzer transducers. For quantitative estimates special experiments have been carried out on tin excitation in seaplacer samples. Linearly polarized radiation has been obtained by scattering nonpolarized radiation of a ²⁴¹Am source, using organic glass as a scatterer. Analysis for tin has been performed on samples containing 0.02% of the element being analyzed. The analysis took 5 min. The signal-to-background ratio during the analysis with the help of linearly polarized radiation increased 13 times as compared with nonpolarized radiation of the ²⁴¹Am source. The experiments have proved that the main disadvantage of a linearly-polarized radiation source based on nonpolarized radiation scattering is a great loss of intensity reaching 4-5 orders of magnitude. That is why in order to obtain intensive sources of linearly polarized radiation the initial intensity of nonpolarized radiation should be 10¹² γ-quantum/s and more

[en] A method of eliminating the matrix effect in X-ray absorption analysis is discussed. The method consists in X-raying a specimen with two beams having energies above and below the K absorption jump of the analyzed element; the thickness of the X-rayed layers for each beam is different. The energy dependence of the bulk absorption ration for tantalum, niobium, and iron is given as an example

No abstract available