[en] The progress is reported in radiation engineering over the past 30 years of production and application of isotopes, sources of ionizing radiation, as well as the researches in this field are characterized. A wide application of radioactive isotopes is shown for the production of radioisotope sources of electric energy, power radiation facilities for different branches of industry, for nuclear-physical method of analysis, radioisotopic measuring instruments, for the development of radiation defectoscopy methods, and of radiation equipment to be used in therapy. A high efficiency is noted of applying radiation engineering in national economy

[en] The development and application of equipment for fluorescent roentgenoradiometric analysis of the composition of substances are considered. The physical foundations of the method are explained. Some techniques for rapid analysis with an allowance for matrix effects are considered. Radioisotope sources are described, and the fields of their optimum application are indicated. The parameters of X-ray detectors are considered. Questions of development of industrial equipment for different purposes are elucidated. Reference material for roentgenoradiometric analysis is presented

[en] The use of continuous automatic stabilization method of spectrometric circuit in X-ray radiometric equipment is described. An integral circuit of autostabilization is considered. The calculation on the choice of reference point channel discrimination level was carried out. At this calculation reference point decay influence is very small. The scheme is presented according to which high voltage fed to the counter is regulated. Temperature tests of input device including the counter showed that the peak position shift is about 0.7 % at temperature variation from +10 to +50 deg C

[en] Results of experiments on excitation of characteristic radiation in a vacuum chamber for K and L shells are presented. Thick targets made of different materials have been irradiated by α-particles from a ²¹⁰Po radioisotope source with an activity of 4.15 mCi. The α-particle energy has been measured with the help of lavsan films having different thicknesses. Ionization cross sections have been determined in the impulse approximation. The experimental values of yields for K shells are less than theoretical ones which is explained by the fact that at ionization cross-section calculations an increase in the electron-binding energy caused by penetration of an α-particle into the K shell has not been taken into account

[en] Counters with extended (up to 10 cm²) apertres have been described and the results obtained are presented. CPM-15 and CPM-16 counters are intended for sensoring and spectral analysis of X-rays in the range of 2.5 to 23 and 2.5 to 15 keV, respectively. The only difference is in the gas composition. The CPM-15 counter is filled with 90 per cent xenon plus 10 per cent methane used as a quenching dopant. The CPM-16 is filled with 90 per cent argon and 10 per cent methane. The life time is 10¹⁰ pulses at 1800 V for CPM-16 and at 2200 V for CPM-15

[en] Developed is the general approach to the theory of radiation propagation in a substance for the cases when the appearance of the characteristic radiation is important. Obtained are the general equations, which make it possible to describe to the fullest extent the distribution both of the primary and characteristic radiations. The problem is analytically solved, which may be directly applied to the X-ray radiometric analysis of the substance composition. Analytical solutions describe the spatial, energy, and angular distributions of the primary and characteristic radiations as well as the degree of polarization of the primary and characteristic radiations

No abstract available

[en] The methods of direct and indirect determination of the thickness of nickel coating on the components of ball bearings by X-ray fluorescence technique are considered. The justification of selection of the radiation source and the measurement scheme is presented. It is demonstrated that the best results are obtained when the tritium-zirconium target is used as the primary radiation source and the characteristic radiation of nickel is recorded by proportional counters. The dependence of the mean square error of the coating thickness determination on the thickness of the coating layer is shown

[en] The least-square method for characteristic X radiation processing is presented; it is assumed that the approximation function has a linear dependence on parameters to be evaluated. A normal equation system is obtained in a matrix form, to solve it a standard program in the IS-22 system is developed. Spectra have been processed on the M-222 computer; for a spectrum with 400 channels capacity having 8 parameters the processing time is 30 s. Characteristic radiation spectra of Ca and K processed with the least-square method are presented. The comparison of theoretical and experimental spectra, carried out by means of the chi² criterion yields satisfactory results, energy resolution being 160 eV for all the photopeaks

[en] A method of eliminating the matrix effect in X-ray absorption analysis is discussed. The method consists in X-raying a specimen with two beams having energies above and below the K absorption jump of the analyzed element; the thickness of the X-rayed layers for each beam is different. The energy dependence of the bulk absorption ration for tantalum, niobium, and iron is given as an example