[en] In September 1977 the Kerntechnische Hilfsdienst GmbH (KHG) was founded as a joint private organization of the electricity utility companies, the companies for nuclear fuel fabrication and recycling and the nuclear research centres to render emergency service in case of accidents in nuclear facilities by providing equipment and specially trained staff. To date a permanent company staff of 19 persons has given special training and instruction to 140 employees of other firms who normally work as maintenance contractors in nuclear facilities. During the past 12 years the company has provided the basic equipment and apparatus, including a communications centre, radiation measuring laboratories, containers for maintenance and storage of respiratory equipment and protective clothing containers for decontaminating staff and rooms, remote-controlled tracked vehicles (cable- and radio- controlled) which are provided with manipulator arms and television cameras, and a radio-controlled bucket loader. After 12 years of operation experience has shown that it makes sense to provide special highly sophisticated equipment for accidents, centrally located for a large group of users

No abstract available

[en] The operators of nuclear installations are obliged to set up an emergency organization for in-plant measures. According to paragraph 38 StrlSchV, it is left to the operator's discretion either to provide emergency protection exclusively himself or to assign part of the corresponding measures to an appropriate company. Therefore, in the autumn of 1977 the power supply enterprises which operate nuclear power plants, the fuel cycle companies and the large-scale research centers engaged in nuclear research decided to assign parts of emergency precaution to a private joint institution and therefor founded the Kerntechnische Hilfsdienst GmbH (KHG) at Leopoldshafen. (orig./HP)

[en] The odd-odd nucleus ⁷⁴Br was gamma-spectroscopically studied via the reaction ⁵⁸Ni(¹⁹F,2pnγ)⁷⁴Br. Single γ-spectra, γ-excitation functions, γ-γ coincidences, γ-angular distributions, and mean life-times were measured by the recoil-distance method in coincidence with the neutron evaporated from the compound nucleus. The term scheme was extended by 14 new levels and 7 life-time assignments. For the measurement of parity changes a magnetic spectrometer of the 'Mini-Orange' type was constructed which works equally in coincidence with neutrons. By it in ⁷⁴Br 8 conversion coefficients were measured. Calculations in a rotor-plus-2-quasiparticle model and calculations of the multiplet splitting of one-particle states of f, p, and g shells of this mass region permit a compared to the transition probabilities, sufficient interpretation of the most states ⁷⁴Br in that way, that these different structures could be identified just as mixtures of collective and one-particle excitations. (orig.)

[en] In the present thesis the particle dynamics in rf quadrupole accelerators (RFQ) was studied. First the analytic theory of the particle motion is presented which results directly from the equations of motion. From this follow especially equations for the maximally transportable current strength in a RFQ accelerator. Because this theory however is at higher phase shift no longer correct and can in this case only serve as approximational method and because also the anharmonic longitudinal motion was linearized it was necessary to study the particle dynamics by means of numerical solution of the equations of motion, by the PARMTEQ program the equations of motion were directly integrated whereby the space-charge effect can be included. The comparison of the simulation calcualtion with the analytic theory and the test of both in the experiment was at first performed for the proton model of a heavy ion RFQ. An essential object of the study was hereby the influence of the higher harmonics of the field distribution on the particle dynamics which were at the proton model especially high because of a low transverse phase shift. (orig./HSI)

[en] The textbook includes 10 chapters which are arranged under the following headings: molecules, experimental methods in nuclear physics, general properties of the atomic nucleus, nuclear transformation, neutrons, nuclear models, applications of nuclear power, elementary particles, and cosmic radiation. The molecule matter is discussed on the basis of quantum physics, whereas the topics atomic nucleus and elementary particles are confined to a systematic presentation of experimental results. Of interest to undergraduate students of physics, chemistry, and engineering as well as to university lectures

No abstract available

[en] In spent fuel of fast breeder reactors there are higher concentrations of the light platinum metals than in the spent fuel of light water reactors. During operation the temperature in the fuel rods is very high and Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh and Pd form molten metallic droplets. After solidifying the particles have diameters about 20 μm and are called white inclusions (ε-phase). They are only partly attacked by the nitric acid within the dissolver of the reprocessing plant. Thus the residue contains up to 90% of the platinum metals and is a limited but rich source of these precious metals. ε-phase was simulated by melting together appropriate amounts of the pure metals thereby substituting Tc by additional Ru, then grinding the alloy and sifting. In a laboratory scale diverse methods of dissolution were tested. They should be of technical simplicity and compatible to the PUREX process. Concentrated nitric acid dissolved only to some extent even at 250⁰C under pressure. 7 mol/l HNO₃ in combination with ozone worked much better and ruthen is oxidized to RuO₄. Complete and fast dissolution is achieved within an electrolytic dissolver using an oxidation catalysator like Ag(I)/Ag(II). RuO₄ is formed and transfered quantively into an absorption flask by a stream of ozone. When a real residue is dissolved the traces of U and Ru have to be extracted by tributylphosphate/Kerosin followed by the extraction of Zr. Thereafter Pd is sorbed on a column with Lewatit M 504 and then from the diluted eluate Tc on an identical column. Now by cation exchange Ag is sorbed on Amberlite 200 and Rh on Dowex 50. In any case desorption is possible with nitric acid, except Pd, which must be eluted with a solution of thiourea. (orig.) With 19 refs., 1 tab., 13 figs

[en] Rebuilding work in the plants of the Decontamination Department with ongoing waste handling and processing for the Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center (KNRC) and the Karlsruhe Reprocessing Plant necessitated intensive radiation protection monitoring also in 1977. Since 1975 the data collected with radiation protection control in this area have been compiled in special reports. These reports serve as a comprehensive documentation of the measured results in personnel dosimetry and in plant monitoring which during the rebuilding phase in the plant and to indicate the success of these efforts from the point of view of radiation protection. The documentation of radiation protection data constitutes a data base which allows quick assessment of the plant for purposes of radiation protection. While rebuilding of the liquid effluent decontamination plant (building 545) has shown the first positive effects on the doses received by the workers of the KNRC and the action staff since 1977, the limits set for the work without respiration equipment and for the contamination of floor and room air have not been reached in that plant. The considerable decrease of incorporations by the workers of the KNRC and the action staff is probably due to improved discipline in observing radiation protection measures. (orig.) 891 HP

[en] This textbook gives an introduction to the basic phenomena of solids. Topics covered include: structure of crystals; dynamics of the crystal lattice; electrical properties of solids; superconductivity; dielectrical and optical properties; and magnetic properties. The book is suitable for undergraduate students of physics, chemistry, and engineering as well as for university lectures