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AbstractAbstract
[en] The article deals with claims for damage of individual persons and of states after the nuclear incident of Chernobyl. Relevant are article 3 et seq. of the Paris Convention and section 25 et seq. of the Atomic Energy Act. States can claim damages from the Soviet Union by way of negotiation. Problems arise from the terms causation, extent of damage, jurisdiction and especially from the relationship to other states. (CW)
[de]
Der Artikel behandelt die Schadensersatzansprueche von Einzelpersonen und von Staaten nach dem nuklearen Ereignis von Tschernobyl. Einschlaegig sind Artikel 3 ff des Pariser Uebereinkommens und Paragraph 25 ff Atomgesetz. Voelkerrechtliche Ersatzansprueche sind auf dem Verhandlungswege mit der Sowjetunion geltend zu machen. Probleme bestehen hinsichtlich der Kausalitaet, der Schadenshoehe, dem Gerichtsstand und insbesondere im Verhaeltnis zu anderen Staaten. (CW)Original Title
Grenzueberschreitende Haftung fuer nukleare Ereignisse
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Journal Article
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Deutsches Verwaltungsblatt mit Verwaltungsarchiv; ISSN 0012-1363;
; CODEN DVVED; v. 101(17); p. 875-883

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AbstractAbstract
[en] According to the international atomic law principle of the so-called legal 'canalisation' of the responsibility to the owner of the nuclear plant, only and exclusively the owner of the nuclear plant is responsible, for damages resulting from nuclear events. The liability of other persons who have also contributed to the cause of the damage is strictly excluded (for example Paragraph 25, sed 1 Atomic Energy Act in connection with article 6 (a) and (b) of the Agreement of Paris). The author shows cases in which another person of German nationality (e.g. a supplier) can nevertheless be sued for damages. This could, e.g. be the case, if a German supplier delivered deficient goods to a nuclear plant in Brazil, and this delivery were to causes damage. (UN)
[de]
Nach dem internationalen Atomrechtsgrundsatz der sog. rechtlichen Kanalisierung der Haftung auf den Inhaber der Kernanlage haftet fuer Schaeden infolge nuklearer Ereignisse allein und ausschliesslich der Inhaber der Kernanlage, von der das nukleare Ereignis ausgeht. Die Haftung sonstiger Personen, die zur Schadensverursachung beigetragen haben, wird ausdruecklich ausgeschlossen (so z.B. Paragraph 25 Abs. 1 Atomgesetz in Verbindung mit Artikel 6 (a) und (b) des Pariser Uebereinkommens). Der Verfasser zeigt jedoch Faelle auf, in denen eine direkte Inanspruchnahme einer sonstigen deutschen Person (z.B. Zulieferer) auf Schadensersatz dennoch moeglich ist. Dieses koennte z.B. dann der Fall sein, wenn ein deutscher Zulieferer fehlerhafte Leistungen fuer eine Kernanlage in Brasilien erbringt und diese Lieferung fuer einen Schaden ursaechlich ist. (UN)Original Title
Zur Haftung von Zulieferern fuer nukleare Schaeden
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Journal Article
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Energiewirtschaftliche Tagesfragen; ISSN 0013-743X;
; v. 28(11); p. 668-670

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AbstractAbstract
[en] In case of a foreign nuclear accident which causes damage within the territory of the Federal Republic of Germany, section 38 of the Atomic Energy Act grants compensation, provided the foreign law applicable to the incident concedes no or considerably less compensation than the German law. In ascertaining the facts the question of relations between damage and nuclear accident may be problematic, especially if the damage is caused by official directives. (WG)
[de]
Nach Para. 38 AtomG gewaehrt der Bund inlaendischen Geschaedigten einen Schadensausgleich bei auslaendischen Nuklearunfaellen, wenn nach auslaendischem Recht kein oder nur ein geringerer Schadensersatz als nach deutschem Recht gezahlt wird. Beim Nachweis der Tatbestandsvoraussetzungen kann die Frage der Kausalitaet zwischen Schaden und Nuklearunfall problematisch sein, insbesondere wenn der Schaden erst durch behoerdliche Anordnungen verursacht wurde. (WG)Original Title
Atomrechtlicher Schadensausgleich bei auslaendischen Nuklearunfaellen
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AbstractAbstract
[en] The existing regime of third party liability and financial security applicable in the FRG basically is an up-to-date and risk-adequate system of compensation for nuclear damage. This is particularly true since unrestricted financial liability has been introduced. The legal provisions offer adequate protection of interests of possible victions of a nuclear accident without inflicting unreasonable hardship on liable persons. The expert opinion discusses the limits, purposes and subjects of a possible amendment of the nuclear liability law, referring to items such as: principles of liability, financial security, commitment of the Federal Government; the concept of definition of damage, time limit to claims. Points of main interest for a future improvement are stated to be the yet unsolved strict liability problem, the organizational scheme of settlement of claims, and an international nuclear liability regime, the so-called system of risk pooling. (orig./HSCH)
[de]
Das geltende Atomhaftungs- und Deckungsrecht der Bundesrepublik Deutschland bildet grundsaetzlich ein modernes und risikoadaequates System der Entschaedigung fuer nukleare Schaeden. Das gilt insbesondere seit Einfuehrung der summenmaessig unbegrenzten Inhaberhaftung. Die Regelungen sichern die Interessen moeglicher Opfer eines nuklearen Ereignisses in angemessener Weise, ohne dem Ersatzpflichtigen unzumutbare Haerten aufzuerlegen. Das Rechtsgutachten eroertert - unter dem Aspekt weiterer Verbesserung - Grenzen, Zielrichtung und Bereiche einer moeglichen Novellierung des Atomhaftungsrechts. Eroertert werden u.a.: Haftungsgrundsaetze, Deckungsvorsorge, Staatseintritt; Schadensbegriff, zeitliche Anspruchsbefristung. Fuer die kuenftige Entwicklung sind von besonderem Interesse das ungeloeste Kausalitaetsproblem, die Organisation der Schadensabwicklung sowie internationale Atomhaftungssysteme, sog. Risikopooling. (orig./HSCH)Original Title
Ueberlegungen zur Novellierung des atomrechtlichen Haftungs- und Deckungsrechts in den 90er Jahren
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Lukes, R. (ed.); Recht - Technik - Wirtschaft; v. 61; 575 p; ISBN 3-452-22055-9;
; 1991; p. 455-503; Heymanns; Koeln (Germany)

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AbstractAbstract
[en] In this chapter the author recalls the circumstances of the adoption of the Paris and Vienna Conventions on nuclear third party liability and analyses the principles underlying their elaboration. The Chernobyl accident brought this conventional system into focus and the author questions these principles, in particular, the merits of the different limitations in the operator's liability: in amount, in time and in territory. He notes nevertheless that a Joint Protocol on the application of the Vienna and Paris Conventions was a desirable extension of this system and that a new instrument concerning the international liability of states would complete it usefully (NEA)
[fr]
Dans ce chapitre, l'auteur rappelle dans quelles circonstances ont ete adoptees les Conventions de Paris et de Vienne sur la responsabilite civile nucleaire et analyse les principes qui ont preside a leur elaboration. L'accident de Tchernobyl ayant jete un autre eclairage sur ce systeme conventionnel, l'auteur s'interroge sur ces principes et notamment sur le bien-fonde des differentes formes de limitation de responsabilite de l'exploitant: limitation en montant limitation dans le temps et dans leur champ d'application territoriale. Il note neanmoins que l'adoption d'un Protocole relatif a l'application des Conventions de Paris et de Vienne constitue une extension desirable de ce regime. Un nouvel instrument relatif a la responsabilite internationale des Etats le completerait utilementPrimary Subject
Source
Cameron, P.; Hancher, L.; Kuhn, W. (eds); 222 p; ISBN 1-85333-110-4;
; 1988; p. 97-114; Graham and Trotman and International Bar Association Series; London (UK); Graham and Trotman Ltd., London (UK)

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AbstractAbstract
[en] The author investigates the legal consequences of the Chernobyl accident. Although a network of legal provisions concerning the utilization of nuclear energy had been in force before the accident at Chernobyl occurred, this event proved that there were still gaps in the system. The author deals with the efforts started in the aftermath of the accident in order to cope with the new situation. International organisations, especially the IAEA, played a leading role in tackling the formation of new legal regimes. (WG)
[de]
Der Autor untersucht die rechtlichen Folgen des Unfalls von Tschernobyl. Obwohl vor dem Unfall in Tschernobyl ein ganzes Netzwerk von rechtlichen Vorschriften bezueglich der Nutzung der Kernenergie in Kraft war, hat der Unfall bewiesen, dass dieses System noch immer lueckenhaft war. Der Autor behandelt die Anstrengungen, die nach dem Unfall unternommen worden sind, um die neue Situation in den Griff zu bekommen. Internationale Organisationen, vor allem die IAEA, spielten eine fuehrende Rolle dabei, das Erstellen neuer rechtlicher Regelungen voranzubringen. (WG)Primary Subject
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AbstractAbstract
No abstract available
Original Title
Rechtsprobleme der Beseitigung radioaktiver Abfaelle in das Meer
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Source
Studien zum internationalen Wirtschaftsrecht und Atomenergierecht; v. 41; 1970; 256 p; Goettingen Univ. Inst. fuer Voelkerrecht; Goettingen, F.R. Germany; 247 refs.
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Book
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Progress Report
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AbstractAbstract
[en] The unexpected chance to re-unify Germany offered at the end of 1989 required the drafting and setting into force of the necessary legal instruments within a year. Those instruments were to aim at harmonising the social, economic and legal systems of the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic, with their differing political backgrounds, and diametrically opposite policy directions including nuclear law. The application of Federal nuclear law to the acceded part of Germany caused numerous practical difficulties. One main field of concern stems from the fact that the legal framework for unification provided for a continued validity of nuclear licences granted under GDR law in order to ensure the continuation of necessary nuclear activities. Major problems arise from the uranium mining activities and the ore processing plants operated by the former Soviet-German Company Wismut which caused wide-range radioactive contamination in Saxony and Thuringia. (author)
Original Title
Fragen zum Atomrecht nach der deutschen Wiedervereinigung
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Source
International Nuclear Law Association, Harwell (United Kingdom). British Administrative Committee; 794 p; ISBN 0-7058-1654-0;
; 1992; p. 105-115; International Nuclear Law Association; Harwell (United Kingdom); Nuclear Inter Jura '91: nuclear law and nuclear energy for the future biennial congress; Bath (United Kingdom); 23-26 Sep 1991; Available from H.M. Stationery Office, price Pound 54.00

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Pelzer, N.
Nuclear Energy in the 21. Century: Addressing Energy Needs and Environmental Challenges. Additional Material2009
Nuclear Energy in the 21. Century: Addressing Energy Needs and Environmental Challenges. Additional Material2009
AbstractAbstract
[en] Developing and implementing a national programme for the civilian use of nuclear energy means embarking on the use of a Janus-faced form of energy. We all know that nuclear energy implies both extraordinary benefits and extraordinary risks. This fact requires a legal framework appropriate to cope with both elements of nuclear power. Legislators and State authorities have to establish a sound balance between risks and benefits. That is not at all an easy task. While excluding or limiting risks requires severe legal control mechanisms, the benefits can only fully be enjoyed if the legal framework ensures freedom of research and of economic and industrial development including the guarantee of property ownership and of investments. Combining both opposite poles seems like trying to square the circle. In case of a conflict between promotion and protection, there is no doubt that the protection against nuclear risks has to prevail. Therefore this aspect of nuclear law will be mainly dealt with in this presentation. Establishing a legal framework to tame the hazards of nuclear energy is a much more challenging task for law-makers than providing a legal basis for promoting the use of nuclear energy. With regard to the promotion of nuclear energy, States enjoy a broad range of discretion and may use a great number of legal and non-legal instruments to support the development of a nuclear programme. From a legal point of view, promoting nuclear energy does not require a specific regime. However, it does require a specific regime to control the risks of nuclear energy. States preparing for a nuclear energy programme have to be aware that the use of nuclear energy is not an exclusively national matter. In particular the risk associated with nuclear energy extends beyond national borders. Using the benefits also needs international cooperation in many fields including, e.g., research or fuel supply. Today a network of multilateral and bilateral international treaties exists covering the prevention and mitigation of risk and damage as well as the promotion of nuclear energy. New nuclear States should be prepared to adhere to relevant international treaty regimes, as appropriate, and to implement them at national level.
Primary Subject
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International Atomic Energy Agency, Division of Nuclear Power and Office of External Relations and Policy Coordination, Vienna (Austria); OECD/Nuclear Energy Agency, Issy-les-Moulineaux (France); China Nuclear Energy Association (China); [DVD]; ISBN 978-92-0-162109-2;
; 2009; 11 p; International Ministerial Conference on Nuclear Energy in the 21. Century: Addressing Energy Needs and Environmental Challenges; Beijing (China); 20-22 Apr 2009; ISSN 0074-1884;
; Available on 1 DVD attached to the printed STI/PUB/1420 from IAEA, Sales and Promotion Unit, E-mail: sales.publications@iaea.org; Web site: http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/publications.asp


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AbstractAbstract
[en] The article is a replication to the article by Gleim and Winter published in NJW 80, 1088, under the same heading. The author regards as an error in law the opinion expressed by those two authors that compact storage facilities for spent fuel elements cannot be licensed. If one assumed that spent fuel elements were utilizable radioactive residues in the sense of Sec. 9a, Para. 1, Subpara. 1 of the German Atomic Energy Act, their storage could ne licensed under Sec. 6 and Sec. 7, respectively, of the Atomic Energy Act. Even if spent fuel elements were considered to be residual materials which could not be utilized at the present time (i.e. radioactive waste), the storage of such materials was a way of disposing of radioactive waste for which permits could be granted. (IVR)
[de]
Der Artikel ist eine Entgegnung auf den gleichnamigen Aufsatz von Gleim und Winter, NJW 80, 1088. Der Verfasser haelt die von diesen beiden Autoren vertretene Ansicht, Kompaktlager fuer abgebrannte Brennelemente seien nicht genehmigungsfaehig, fuer rechtsirrig. Sofern man davon ausgeht, dass abgebrannte Brennelemente verwertbare radioaktive Reststoffe i.S. von Paragraph 9a Abs. 1 Nr. 1 AtG seien, sei ihre Lagerung nach Paragraph 6 AtG bzw. nach Paragraph 7 Atg genehmigungsfaehig. Aber auch wenn man abgebrannte Brennelemente als zur Zeit nicht verwertbare Reststoffe (=radioaktive Abfaelle) betrachte, sei ihre Lagerung eine genehmigungsfaehige Form der Beseitigung radioaktiver Abfaelle. (IVR)Original Title
Nochmals: Sind Kompaktlager genehmigungsfaehig
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Journal Article
Journal
Neue Juristische Wochenschrift; ISSN 0341-1907;
; v. 33(28); p. 1505-1506

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