[en] The formation of the disperse phase of AgCl in aqueous solutions containing organochlorine compounds as additives was studied by pulsed radiolysis. It was shown that attenuation of light is only due to scattering on colloidal particles of (AgCl)_m. The Rayleigh law (D ∼ λ^-n) is satisfied for the optical spectra. The values of n decrease from 4 to 3 with an increase in D, which indicates an increase in the average particle size from ≤50 to ∼140 nm. The composition of the solution (its ionic strength in particular) significantly affects the formation and stability of the disperse phase. 11 refs., 3 figs., 3 tabs

[en] By means of pulsed radiolysis, the authors have studied the effect of indifferent electrolytes (NaClO₄, HClO₄) and anions that tend to adsorb specifically on silver sols (SO₄^2-, CH₃COO^-, OH^-, et al.) on nucleation in aqueous solution. Even small additions of the latter cause a sharp increase in the rate of formation of colloidal silver. The results are considered from the point of view of the DLFO theory. 10 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab

[en] The pulse radiolysis method was used to investigate the reactions of H atoms and organic radicals R (alcohol radicals and COOH) with Bi(III). It was found that H atoms reduce Bi³⁺ to Bi²⁺, while R radicals form the organometallic adducts BiR³⁺. The optical absorption spectra of these particles were obtained and the extinction coefficients determined. Rate constants were calculated for the reaction of Bi³⁺ with the H atom and for the formation and decay of BiR³⁺

[en] The possibility of obtaining atomic copper (Cu⁰) and the mechanisms of its radiation-chemical transformations in aqueous solutions of Cu(I) with addition of NaCl (2 M) and methanol were studied by pulse radiolysis. It was shown that the reduction of Cu(I) proceeds via the stage of unstable Cu(O) chloride complex, which rapidly decomposes to Cu⁰. In the decay of Cu⁰, a dimeric Cu₂⁺ ion is first formed, and then more complex particles with the composition of Cu/sub n//sup m+/ are obtained. A further increase in the clusters leads to the separation of metallic complex. Absorption spectra of the particles formed were obtained and the rate constants of their formation and decay reactions were measured

No abstract available

[en] Data on stability of monohydroxocomplexes of groups (1-4)B metals in valence forms, corresponding to electronic configurations d¹⁰S⁰ and d¹⁰S¹, are discussed. To obtain the data the method of pulse radiolysis with spectrophotometric recording was used. The conclusion is made, that for the metals studied stability of hydroxocomplexes is determined by electrostatic interaction of the metal central ion and hydroxyl ion. A ratio, correlating hydrolysis constant with the charge and radius of the above mentioned ions, is obtained

[en] By the method of pulse radiolysis formation of AgCl disperse phase in aqueous solutions, containing additions of organic chlorine compounds, was studied. It is shown that the light weakening is caused only by scattering on colloid particles (AgCl)_m. For optical spectra the Rayleigh law is duly observed (D∼λ^-n). With opacity value D increase the values of n decrease from 4 to 3, which indicates increase in the average particle size from 50 to ∼140 nm. The solution content (its ionic strength, in particular) produced considerable effect on the formation and stability of the disperse phase

[en] Kinetics of volumetric electric charge and accumulation of paramagnetic centres (PMC) in polypropylene (PP) of two crystal modifications, subjected to radiational oxidation were studied. A correlation between volumetric charge and PMC in radiationally oxidation PP was detected. Considerable influence of crystal phase on the processes of charging and radiational oxidation was revealed

No abstract available

[en] Short note