[en] The modulational instability for longitudinal and transverse gravitoelectromagnetic (GEM) perturbations is investigated on the basis of the self-generated gravitomagnetic field equations in a self-gravitating system. Analytical results indicate that the instability may lead the initially uniformly distributed matter collapse into a small region where the density of matter and the quasi-static self-generated gravitomagnetic field are strongly enhanced. There will be a pancake-like structure because the characteristic scale of longitudinal perturbation is much larger than the transverse one. The anisotropic accumulation of matter and the generation of a gravitomagnetic field are in favor of the formation of a rotationally pancake-like structure. (general)

[en] For flows, the singular cycles connecting saddle periodic orbit and saddle equilibrium can potentially result in the so-called singular horseshoe, which means the existence of a non-uniformly hyperbolic chaotic invariant set. However, it is very hard to find a specific dynamical system that exhibits such singular cycles in general. In this paper, the existence of the singular cycles involving saddle periodic orbits is studied by two types of piecewise smooth systems: One is the piecewise smooth systems having an admissible saddle point with only real eigenvalues and an admissible saddle periodic orbit, and the other is the piecewise smooth systems having an admissible saddle-focus and an admissible saddle periodic orbit. Several kinds of sufficient conditions are obtained for the existence of only one heteroclinic cycle or only two heteroclinic cycles in the two types of piecewise smooth systems, respectively. In addition, some examples are presented to illustrate the results.

[en] Self-generated magnetic fields were observed in space and laboratory environment and played an important role for plasma instability. The collapse evolution of self-generated magnetic fields in Lorentzian plasmas are numerically studied in this paper. The results show that the self-generated field will collapse and forms a strong intermittent structure with a high intensity in a localized range. Moreover, the characteristic time scale of the self-magnetic fields depends on the superthermal particles: with increasing of superthermal index it can make the self-generated magnetic field collapse faster, grow stronger and be more strongly localized. (paper)

[en] We present some rich new complex gaits in the simple walking model with upper body by Wisse et al. in [Robotica 22, 681 (2004)]. We first show that the stable gait found by Wisse et al. may become chaotic via period-doubling bifurcations. Such period-doubling routes to chaos exist for all parameters, such as foot mass, upper body mass, body length, hip spring stiffness, and slope angle. Then, we report three new gaits with period 3, 4, and 6; for each gait, there is also a period-doubling route to chaos. Finally, we show a practical method for finding a topological horseshoe in 3D Poincaré map, and present a rigorous verification of chaos from these gaits

[en] This letter restudies the Nosé-Hoover oscillator. Some new averagely conservative regions are found, each of which is filled with different sequences of nested tori with various knot types. Especially, the dynamical behaviors near the border of “chaotic region” and conservative regions are studied showing that there exist more complicated and thinner invariant tori around the boundaries of conservative regions bounded by tori. Our results suggest an infinite number of island chains in a “chaotic sea” for the Nosé-Hoover oscillator

[en] Filaments are very common physical phenomena on the Sun and are often taken as important proxies of solar magnetic activities. The study of filaments has become a hot topic in the space weather research. For a more comprehensive understanding of filaments, especially for an understanding of solar activities of multiple solar cycles, it is necessary to perform a combined multifeature analysis by constructing a data set of multiple solar cycle data. To achieve this goal, we constructed a centennial data set that covers the Hα data from five observatories around the world. During the data set construction, we encountered varieties of problems, such as data fusion, accurate determination of the solar edge, classifying data by quality, dynamic threshold, and so on, which arose mainly due to multiple sources and a large time span of data. But fortunately, these problems were well solved. The data set includes seven types of data products and eight types of feature parameters with which we can implement the functions of data searching and statistical analyses. It has the characteristics of better continuity and highly complementary to space observation data, especially in the wavelengths not covered by space observations, and covers many solar cycles (including more than 60 yr of high-cadence data). We expect that this new comprehensive data set as well as the tools will help researchers to significantly speed up their search for features or events of interest, for either statistical or case study purposes, and possibly help them get a better and more comprehensive understanding of solar filament mechanisms.

[en] The Full-disk vectorMagnetoGraph (FMG) instrument will carry out polarization observations at one wavelength position of the Fe I 5324.179 °A spectral line. This paper describes how to choose this single wavelength position, the relevant data-processing and the magnetic field calibrations based on the measured polarization signals at one single wavelength position. It is found that solar radial Doppler velocity, which can cause the spectral line to shift, is a disadvantageous factor for the linear calibration at one wavelength position. Observations at two symmetric wavelength positionsmay significantly reduce the wavelength shift effect (∼ 75%), but simulations show that such polarization signals located at the solar limbs (e.g., beyond the longitude range of ±30°) are not free from the effect completely. In future work, we plan to apply machine learning techniques to calibrate vector magnetic fields, or employ full Stokes parameter profile inversion techniques to obtain accurate vector magnetic fields, in order to complement the linear calibration at the single wavelength position. (paper)