[en] The ammonium halogen crystals (AHC) are the close analogs of the alkali halogen crystals by the type of chemical bonds and crystal lattice structure. The ammonium halogen after irradiation by X-rays within 80-300 K range have two peaks of thermo-stimulation luminescence. Its maximums in dependence of anions type are in the 110-120 K and 170-180 K ranges. The first range is related with activation of auto-localized holes migration, and the second one - with the NH₃⁺ defects decay. Experimentally is established, that the pure ammonium halogens have memory about the previous irradiation at heating up to 300 K. After repeat irradiation the recombination luminescence high-temperature peak's shoulder is appearing. The second luminescence peak's shoulder revealing does not depend on the impurity center nature. It is known, that in the AHC there is the next thermo-stimulation luminescence peak within 340-360 K. The thermal annealing of this peak leads to the memory effect disappearance. So, the observing phenomenon is related with own defect of the matrix in the cation sublattice. Experimentally is established, that at a room temperature the AHC memorizing about previous irradiation during 20 h

[en] The different aspects of the channelling ion beams interactions in the monocrystal are studied. The actions of crystal structure on complex channeling particle are considered. The effects of the channelling particles resonance excitation caused with coincidence of the crystal periodical medium frequency action with the inner excitation frequency of particle quantum system were calculated. It is shown, that population of exited state in the main approximation has periodical dependence from the time, which frequency depending from the crystal parameters and quantum system characteristics. The possibility of the nuclear reaction existence on bi-ion beams of the channeling particles was studied

[en] The study of the SnO_x optical properties modification after the hydrogen plasma treatment is carried out. The SnO_x films with thickness ∼300 nm were manufactured on the glass substrate by the magnetron sputtering method in the argon-oxygen atmosphere (oxygen content ≤10 %). The optical transmission spectra of the film-substrate system were studied on the SF-256 UVI spectrophotometer in 190-1100 nm wave length range. The samples have been annealed during 2 hours at 550 Deg. C and treated by the hydrogen plasma of the glow discharge. Measurement of transmission spectra showing that the hydrogen plasma treatment carried out immediately after its deposition and after following annealing leads to distinct decrease of transmission coefficients. As well as it is noticed, that film treatment in annealing-plasma-annealing regime leads to considerable film antireflection and transmission spectrum shift to more short-wave length side. On the base of obtained data the possibility for plasma treatment use for anti-reflecting tin dioxide manufacture in examined wave range is discussed

[en] Earlier by the bio-polymer films deposition on silicon the bio-polymer - semiconductor heterostructures were created. The influence of silicon surface atoms on self-organization processes in these bio-molecules were studied. Particularly the silicon - bio-cholesterol aqueous solution and the silicon - bio-chlorophyll aqueous solution spectral photo-sensitivity were considered. In this case the of photo-response broadening in the spectral photo-sensitivity short-wave part of these systems have been observed. The similar broadening is explained by both the passivation of surface recombination centers by OH-groups and the anti-reflecting properties of aqueous solutions. Besides it is possible the additional charge carriers generation caused by quasi-inter-zone transfers in the bio-polymers depending on electron-conformation properties of macromolecules. In the paper the possible mechanisms of current transfer in the bio-polymer - semiconductor heterostructure are discussed

[en] With help of transmission electron microscopy the study of iron-alpha defect structure at irradiation by protons and alpha particles is carried out. It is revealed, that formation a small radiation aggregation defects plays a key role in formation of final defect structure

[en] At design of nuclear fusion reactor the principal importance present the energy-stressed elements of the reactor discharge chambers such as the divertor, limiter, and first wall. Construction of divertor device presents the compound of copper-tungsten type. For implementation of serviceable construction the important task is development of reliable joint between heterogeneous materials. Technology of heterogeneous tungsten-copper welded joints with use of the soldering on the base copper-manganese system is implemented. It is shown, that the soldering has necessary complex of the features (shock viscosity, relative extension) allowing to obtain the welded joints keeping the serviceability under the neutron irradiation conditions, high temperatures, and strong cyclic thermal flows action. In the result od thermo-cyclic tests it is established that the examined welded joints keep serviceability at thermal flow heating with capacity θ=10 MW/m² during 2·10³ cycles

[en] Full text: Contamination with natural radionuclides of technological equipment surfaces of oil-producing enterprises creates considerable radio-ecological problems at storage and utilization of the equipment out of operation. The problem level can be demonstrated by only one figure - exposure dose rate near pipe-lines reaches up to 100 μSv/h, that exceeds the background level almost in 1000 times. Radioactive source is a scale formed on inner surfaces of field equipment. The principal radioactive elements are natural isotopes of radium - ²²⁶Ra, ²²⁸Ra and decay products. Kazakh-Czech company 'Asia Clean' conjointly with Institute of Nuclear Physics of the National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan developed the high-effective technology for solving such n above-stated problems. The essential principle of the technology with liquid with unique composition, which allows to remove a scale from walls, but not dissolving it. All radioactive elements remain in scale transferring to liquid, that gives an opportunity to use it many times after utilize it as simple non-radioactive wastes. The report presents the results of radionuclide composition determination of sediments on pipes' inner surfaces of oil wells and pump-and-compressor equipment of some oil fields in Kazakhstan. The study of the salt sediments has demonstrated that practically all radionuclides are removed from pipes' inner surfaces. The sediments after separation from liquid contains the radionuclides in a strong bound condition. The radon isotope exhalations from sediments comprise no more than 3-5 %. These results allowed to develop efficient disposal method for radioactive sediments. The method of purification and disposal was tested in the oil field 'Zhetybay'

[en] Full text: According to one of the current concepts the mechanism of ionizing radiation effect on the living organism is the postradiation radiotoxinemia and autoantigenemia. By introducing radiotoxins instead of irradiation the investigation of these processes can be carried out. In this work, the consequence of the action of quinoid radiotoxin (QRT) on mice has been investigated using ex vivo and in vivo EPR. QRT has been obtained from potato tubers γ- irradiated by ⁶⁰Co with dose of 400 Gy. Solutions of QRT as well as extract from unirradiated potato tubes were injected intraperitoneally (IP) into white mice. Simultaneously the control intact group of mice has been studied. In vivo measurements have been performed practically immediately after ion of the preparations. For ex vivo EPR mice were sacrificed in 0.5, 1, 4 and 8 h after injection. We investigated the samples of blood as well as the piece of liver, spleen and kidney. All samples were placed into quartz tubers and cooled under liquid nitrogen. Ex vivo EPR spectra have been studied in tubes cooled under liquid nitrogen. Ex vivo EPR spectra have been recorded using radio spectrometer 'Varian E-12' at working frequency 9.3 GHz within the temperature range 90-250 K. For in vivo EPR L-band spectrometer at working frequency 1.2 GHz was used. The temperature of mice during the experiment was maintained near 37 Deg. C. Under the action of diluted QRT the changes in EPR spectra take place first of all in spleen of mice while in liver, kidney and blood such changes are not so essential. The main signal in spectrum of spleen which is of most interest is the free-radical doublet with a hyperfine splitting with the parameters: g=2.008 and a=20 G. This signal is attributed to the active form of the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase (RR). It was established that the intensity of this signal decrease with increase the time passed after injection. Similar reduction of RR action during 12 hours was observed in the spleen of mice previously γ-irradiated with dose 6 Gy. It was established that the injection of concentrated QRT leads to the lethal outcome for mice after about 45-60 min. In the case of the lethal outcome very intensive signals of the nitrosyl complexes in liver and spleen in the spectral region with g∼2 were observed. No specific metabolic changes of paramagnetic signals in kidneys were detected. The efficiency of the action of the concentrated QRT is most vividly manifested in liver and to a lesser extent in spleen. Action of concentrated QRT was also detected in EPR spectra of blood samples in 30 min. after its injection. For this case an appearance of an additional line with g=2.005 and the line width of about 6 Gy in the temperature interval of about 80-150 K was revealed. The intensity of this signal is temperature-dependent in the interval of about 80-150 K. The possibility of using in vivo EPR for studying the consequences of the QRT action on the metabolic processes in the organisms of animals was established. It was determined that the IP injection of 10 %-QRT solutions results in the appearance of the signal with the effective g-factor 2.07

[en] Full text: The obtaining of Sr-89 in the nuclear reactor WWR-SM by means of irradiation of Y-89 according to (n, p) reaction had been investigated in this work. The calculations was made on formation of the basic product and admixtures. By application of the scintillation plastic beta detector and the germanium-lithium gamma detector there was detected the activity of strontium-89 and the contents of the admixtures in a main product

[en] In the paper some advantages of the radiopharmaceuticals with ¹²³I against ^99mTc preparations are shown. It is noted that the ¹²³I is the most favourable among cyclotron radionuclides for radionuclide diagnostics by it nuclear-physical characteristics. With application of ¹²³I it is possible to attain a significant progress in the thyroid examination. ¹²³I labelled preparations should have a high bond strength providing the high information valuation of examinations