[en] The application of the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence technique by using high resolution X-ray detector system has been studied. The Myanma indigenous medicine Tinospora Cordifolia (Hsin-Don-Ma-Nwe) sample was analyzed by using quantitative analysis software (AXIL) provided by IAEA with personal computer

[en] Potassium content on Myanmar's clays located in different places were determined by high resolution gamma spectrometry and EDXRF spectrometry. The results of two methods were compared

[en] Statistical data of net area sown, fallow land, culturable wasteland, reserved forest and forest area (1) by category; (2) by state and division; (3) by forest type; (4) by forest function; (5) by working circle of the Union of Myanmar are shown. Statistical data showing annual allowable cut of teak and other hardwoods by state/division can also be seen. Myanmar forest and woodland area together with other 17 countries of the world are included for comparison

[en] The Zn0.72Li0.28O/Si (x = 0.28mol%) thin layers were fabricated on p-Si(100) substrate with five different process temperature. Vibrational characterizations of those thin films were investigated by FT- Raman spectroscopy. The resulted spectral line characters have been compared with that of Zn0.72Li0.28O/Glass thin films. Some vibrational motions of starting materials and final(candidate) thin films molecules were found in two substrates of glass and Si and vibrational frequencies were assigned by using molecular spectroscopy. Most of the frequencies of starting and final materials were found to be shifted in each of the films of two different substrates.

[en] The heterojunction photovoltaic cell, fabricated from the stiochiometric composition film consisting of tin oxide (IV-VI compound) and zinc oxide (II-VI compound) generate exceptionally high short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage at an optimum mixing ratio of the two oxides. The other parameters of photovoltaic cell: series resistance (Rs), conversion efficiency (n ) and quantum yield efficiency (Y) of heterostructure are also examined

[en] Among various biocompatible materials hydroxyapatite (HAP) is widely used in medical applications.As nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite is similar in composition and crystal structure of natural bone it can be used as temporary substitute materials for human bone. A simple combustion technique for synthesizing nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite powder from eggshell has been carried out. The resulting powder was characterized using XRD, SEM and FESEM measurements. The particle size was calculated by Debye-Scherrer equation using XRD data. The range of size of resultant HAP powder was between 23nm-75nm. The average particle size was 34 nm.

[en] A study of water balance over Chindwinn Catchment has been carried out by using three decades of available climatological and hydrological data (i.e. from 1967). The study was based on the monthly, annual and normal values. Actual evapotranspiration (AET) computed by as well as on the using Penman (1963) as well as Hargreaves (1985) methods. Some of the reliable data of evaporation at the stations were also used to estimate actual evaporation with the pancoefficient value 0.7. The values of actual evapotranspiration estimated by Hargreaves method was lower than the values estimated by Penman, but most followed the same significant trend. The soil moisture deficiency generally occurs during November and April. A few cases of soil moisture deficiency do occur in August, September and October. However, on the overall availability of water in the catchment is quite promising. The residual resulted from the water balance estimation may be assumed as soil moisture in the catchment by neglecting some losses from the catchment. (author)

[en] The format reasoning involves establishment of causal relationships among concepts. These are commonly represented by cognitive maps. However, the concepts and their relationships could be fuzzy. In this paper we review some properties of fuzzy cognitive maps. This paper shows that one of the solutions is to introduce the idea of disconcepts along with concepts to arrive at reasonings that are intuitively satisfying. A neutral network architecture based on associative memory and a framework for fuzzy cognitive maps based knowledge processing tool has also been proposed. The proposed method is tested on a cognitive map of a publishing company. (author)

[en] Myanmar Traditional Medicine Formulation (TMF-12) (Setkupala No.1) is such a wide use of household medicine in both rural and urban area that it was investigated. This medicine is utilized for treatment of aches and pain, blood impurity, especially eye disorder such as blurring of vision. Elemental role of Myanmar Traditional Medicine is found to be quite limited. The elemental content of TMF-12 was studied by Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA), Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (ASS) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) method. A total of 28 elements were detected. Preliminary screening for radical scavenging of various extracts from TMF-12 exhibited the antioxidant activity tested by 1, 1 diphenyl 2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) solution. Antimicrobial activity studies showed the inhibitory activity of the soluble crude extracts against test organisms including Bacillus substilis, Bacillus pumilus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Mycobacterium species. From phytochemical investigation and FT-IR study, alkaloids, glycosides, alcohol, amino acid, aliphatic, aromatic, phenolic and olefinic compounds were present in TMF-12.

[en] Thermoluminescence dosimetry service was introduced in 1991. Personnel who exposed directly or indirectly to radiation is monitored by thermoluminescent dosimeter. TL materials used for thermoluminescent dosimeter are in the form of thin disc. Personnel whole-body and extremity doses are measured by thermoluminescence dosimetry. The Harshaw Model 4500 TLD reader and Vinten 654E TLD reader are used for TLD evaluation. At present about 600 radiation workers are provided with TLD for routine monitoring. It was found that most personnel had received within permissible dose recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). (author)