[en] The main theme of this communication is the integration of decisions on energy and the environment, why this integration is necessary, how can it be achieved and what will be its consequences. IEA and its member countries are taking vigorous energy policy action, in particular greater efficiency and technology improvements, in order to ensure that energy and policy objectives are achieved while achieving a clean and healthy environment: physical restrictions placed on the development or operation of energy activities, or through changes in the costs of energy supply and use

[en] The electric power share in the world energy consumption is steadily growing; it should be of 50pc in 2020. Various scenarios are reviewed concerning the fuel competition for electricity production: petroleum, natural gas, coal, nuclear energy, with reference to their reserves and consumptions and their environmental impacts (acid rains, ozone layer depletion, greenhouse effect, pollution) are examined and compared

[en] Oil price fixing politics are first reviewed (existence of a floor price and of a maximum price, independently of economical consideration). In fact, geopolitical consideration are of premium importance in the oil demand/supply evolution. The Gulf Crisis and its surroundings (the Israel-Arab conflict) are revealing the supply and price logics of the oil market. An oil new order should be instaured through an OPEP restructuration and/or bilaterals relations and market dominance, organized by United States and Saoudi Arabia

[en] This communication is concerned with three major developments that are likely to have significant impact on the future structure of world oil markets: oil company mergers and acquisitions, shift of exploration and production activity from the United States to overseas, and joint venture agreements between producing countries and oil companies aimed at further downstream integration by OPEC. The last two developments are likely to contribute substantially to price and market stability in the future

[en] Sulphur dioxide emissions in France have declined by 64% from 1980 to 1987. Those of nitrogen oxides from stationary sources have been lowered by 49 %. The main reason is the development of nuclear electricity, from 52 000 TJ in 1977 to 894 000 TJ in 1987. Another factor is a better efficiency in energy use: from 1973 to 1987, the Gross Domestic Product has progressed by 33% while energy consumption only increased by 6.7%. Furthermore, natural gas consumption has grown from 360 000 TJ in 1973 up to 878 000 TJ in 1987. France still must abate emissions in the medium and long range, and efforts will essentially bear on small and medium-size combustion plants by direct injection of limestone and lime in the furnace development of various types of desulfurizing fluid bed combustors and flue gas treatment processes

[en] The CNRS set up a commission in 1968 to evaluate the perspectives of solar energy in France. The conclusions of this commission led to an essentially export-minded policy that still stands today. There is no domestic market, and all the physical resources are located in the southern hemisphere. After the first petroleum crisis, France set up an action program to promote nonrenewable energy resources, and created a number of organizations, including the COMES (solar energy commission) in 1978, with financial independence but no laboratory of its own. The COMES built some big systems and signed international agreements; but in 1982 the government, to avoid duplications between the COMES and various other organizations responsible for nonrenewable resources and the rational use of energy, replaced them with the AFME, which launched the PES solar energy promotion program. Despite its good results, this program was suspended at the end of 1984, under pressure from the energy interest lobbies, and for lack of political and industrial support. There was also too much electricity being produced, and the EDF was launching a publicity campaign for all-electric living in the media. Starting in 1986 the whole solar program looked done for. The government was withdrawing, investments were slowing down, and all that was left was the photovoltaic process. So it seems that all hope is lost for any significant commercial uses in the near future. A change in energy policy would be needed, along with different organizations that would not all be grouped together under the responsibility of a single government agency, so that no one process would ride an artificial advantage over the others. 17 refs.; 3 figs.; 6 tabs

[en] This paper gives the official text of the advice given by the Commission, concerning the general data about the plan of the radioactive effluents of the Cattenom nuclear power plant, in pursuance of the article 37 of the EURATOM treaty, and a commentary which summarizes and explains this advice

[en] The nuclear fuel cycle extends over a great number of years and results in wastes over a very distant future. The effort to find a better overall cost situation entails the necessity of coherence in the decisions, but economic theory has difficulty in mastering, at the same time, all the short and long term aspects, political dangers and aggressions against the environment which, in this case, are considered in a geological time scale

[en] The Society Hispano Suiza developed, to repair the upper internal structures of the Chinon A3 nuclear power plant which had been attacked by corrosion, third-generation robots, designed for working in hostile environments and accessing the reactor core via the loading wells to perform a series of programmed operations inside the core: telemetry, geometry mapping by laser, scouring, and fitting and welding of new parts quickly and safely and with a high standard of workmanship. This paper presents us the repair principle; five robots are required for the repair program. Finally, the ISIS robot general technical data and tool-hearts are given

[en] Petroleum world market prospects don't appear alarming: in the 90's, petroleum demand should be moderate and the supply abundant. Previous crisis reasons have disappeared: economic growth is reduced, prices are free, non-OPEC production is growing, energy substitutes and especially natural gas are more and more developed, etc. OPEC governments, more, are now convinced of their role in achieving regulated supply and market