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AbstractAbstract
[en] In Germany, about half of the natural radiation radiation exposure (about 2.4 mSv/a) is caused by inhalation of radon. Average radon concentrations are about 15 Bq/m3 in the open air and about 50 Bq/m3 inside buildings. Variations are great and are influenced by geological and constructional conditions. Occupational exposure is subject to the new Radiation Protection Ordinance (StrlSchV)
[de]
In Deutschland wird etwa die Haelfte der natuerlichen Strahlenexposition der Bevoelkerung (ca. 2,4 mSv/a) durch die Inhalation von Radon verursacht. Im Freien betraegt die Radonaktivitaetskonzentration in der Luft im Mittel etwa 15 Bq/m3 und in Wohnungen ca. 50 Bq/m3. Die Schwankungsbreiten sind sehr gross, geologische und bei Wohnungen vor allem auch bautechnische Gegebenheiten koennen grossen Einfluss haben. Hinsichtlich beruflich bedingter Strahlenexpositionen durch Radon gibt es fuer Beschaeftigte in bestimmten Bereichen seit Inkrafttreten der neuen Strahlenschutzverordnung (StrlSchV) eine neue Situation. (orig.)Original Title
Radonmessungen in Untertagebetrieben und Wasserwerken
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[en] The number of reports on uranium loads in tap water and drinking water increases. Already for years, the organization Foodwatch e.V. (Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany) warns about to high concentrations of uranium in tap water. So far, only a limit value for mineral water exists in the Mineral Water Regulation which is suitable for the production of infant diet. This limit value amounts 2 microgram per litre. Temporarily, also in the policy a national limit value for uranium in drinking water is introduced. The Federal Office for Environment Protection (Dessau, FRG) designates a value of ten microgram uranium per litre of drinking water and mineral water as an approximate value. The effective control of water quality presupposes high-performance, simple and economical analysis methods. A particularly well suitable measuring technique for the determination of uranium(VI) in groundwater, raw water and drinking water is the voltammetry. In the last years, a national standard was compiled based on this measuring technique: DIN standard 38406-17
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Uran im Trinkwasser. Einfache Bestimmung von Uran (VI) nach DIN-Norm 38406-17
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[en] The Mainz Research Reactor TRIGA Mark II is a neutron source for many applications including neutron activation analysis. The method is highly efficient in trace element detection. The contribution describes some current research projects on problems of ecological relevance
[de]
Der Mainzer Forschungsreaktor TRIGA Mark II ist eine Neutronenquelle fuer verschiedenste Anwendungen, insbesondere aber fuer die Neutronenaktivierungsanalyse. Mit dieser Methode werden sehr gute Nachweisgrenzen fuer viele Spurenelemente erreicht. Der folgende Beitrag beschreibt einige aktuelle Arbeiten, die sich mit umweltrelevanten Fragestellungen beschaeftigen. (orig.)Original Title
Spurensuche mit Neutronen
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GIT; ISSN 0016-3538;
; v. 44(10); p. 1146-1149

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ACTINIDES, ACTIVATION ANALYSIS, BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS, BIOLOGICAL WASTES, BODY FLUIDS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, COLLOIDS, CONTROL, DISPERSIONS, ELEMENTS, ENRICHED URANIUM REACTORS, HOMOGENEOUS REACTORS, HYDRIDE MODERATED REACTORS, IRRADIATION REACTORS, ISOTOPE PRODUCTION REACTORS, MATERIALS, METALS, PULSED REACTORS, REACTORS, RESEARCH AND TEST REACTORS, SOLID HOMOGENEOUS REACTORS, SOLS, THERMAL REACTORS, TRANSURANIUM ELEMENTS, TRIGA TYPE REACTORS, WASTES, WATER COOLED REACTORS, WATER MODERATED REACTORS
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No abstract available
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Kontrastmittel fuer die Magnetresonanztomographie. Wie funktioniert die Kontrastgebung?
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No abstract available
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Automatisierung bei der Aufkonzentrierung von Radionukliden in Wasserproben
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No abstract available
Original Title
Plutonium - Element mit vielen Facetten
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No abstract available
Original Title
Ungeduldige Forscher traeumen mit DREAMS. Bestimmung langlebiger Radionuklide mit Beschleunigermassenspektrometrie
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[en] As in other countries Germany is trying to find an adequate site for the high-level radioactive waste final repository. Non-site specific experiments on radionuclide chemistry have been performed by the ''actinide association'' founded in 1995 and promoted by the German Ministry for Research and Technology. The research programs were focused in the beginning on the interactions of actinides and relevant heavy metals with natural organic complexing agents, esp. humic and fulvic acids. Later on the main focus were interactions of actinides with clays as host rocks or clay minerals as backfilling material. Capillary electrophoresis and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) were used for the analysis of the ternary system metal - humic acid - clay. Another research project is dealing with dynamic sorption/desorption behavior of metals in compact Opalinus clay.
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Hochradioaktive Abfaelle. Analytische Tools zur Suche nach einem geeigneten Endlager
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ACTINIDE COMPLEXES, ACTINIDES, CHEMICAL REACTIONS, ELECTROPHORESIS, ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE PATHWAY, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY, FULVIC ACIDS, HEAVY METALS, HUMIC ACIDS, ICP MASS SPECTROSCOPY, OPALINUS CLAY, RADIOACTIVE WASTE DISPOSAL, RADIOCHEMISTRY, RADIONUCLIDE MIGRATION, RESEARCH PROGRAMS, UNDERGROUND DISPOSAL
CHEMISTRY, CLAYS, COMPLEXES, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, ELEMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT, EUROPE, MANAGEMENT, MASS SPECTROSCOPY, MASS TRANSFER, METALS, MINERALS, ORGANIC ACIDS, ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT, SILICATE MINERALS, SPECTROSCOPY, WASTE DISPOSAL, WASTE MANAGEMENT, WESTERN EUROPE
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[en] In the photovoltaics, solar cells consisting of crystalline silicon are established with an efficiency of nearly 20 %. However, the production of such mono crystalline or polycrystalline materials is very expensive. As an alternative, different semiconductor materials also move into the foreground. They can be applied as a thin layer on flexible supports. Thus, materials and costs are saved. Cadmium telluride, copper indium gallium diselenide and copper indium disulphides possess promising characteristics for such thin film solar cells: a very good light absorption and a high energy yield. For the moment, their efficiencies stay behind those of traditional silicon solar cells. High performance analytics such as electron backscatter diffraction and secondary ion mass spectroscopy help the development laboratories and research laboratories to close the gap.
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Der Struktur auf der Spur. EBSD- und SIMS-Analytik in der Solarzellenentwicklung
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Further information: www.spectro-ai.com
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CADMIUM COMPOUNDS, CHALCOGENIDES, COHERENT SCATTERING, DIRECT ENERGY CONVERTERS, ELEMENTS, EQUIPMENT, METALS, PHOTOELECTRIC CELLS, PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS, POWER PLANTS, SCATTERING, SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SEMIMETALS, SOLAR EQUIPMENT, SOLAR POWER PLANTS, SPECTROSCOPY, SULFUR COMPOUNDS, TELLURIDES, TELLURIUM COMPOUNDS, TRANSITION ELEMENTS
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[en] An attempt is made to provide a systematic general view at the diagnostical methods and facilities which a nowadays are applied in the case of thyroid diseases. The reasonable and accurate application of the various methods possible is of decisive importance for the thyroid diagnostics. This planned application requires exact knowledge of the case history and of the findings as well as knowledge of the preconditions, the advantages and disadvantages of and the possible errors in the methods applied. Proposals and guiding lines for a planned step-by-step application of methods of diagnosing thyroid diseases were published by the Section Thyroid Society for Endocrinology in Wiesbaden in December 1978. For step-by-step diagnostics of thyroid diseaeses, these publications may be of help. (orig.)
[de]
Es wird versucht, einen systematischen Ueberblick ueber heute moegliche, diagnostische Verfahren im Rahmen von Schilddruesenerkrankungen zu geben. Entscheidend fuer eine Schilddruesendiagnostik ist jedoch der angemessene und gezielte Einsatz der vielen moeglichen Verfahren. Dieser planvolle Einsatz setzt eine Klaerung der klinischen Fragestellung durch sorgfaeltige Anamnese und Befunderhebung und die Kenntnis der Voraussetzungen, der Vor- und Nachteile sowie der Fehlermoeglichkeiten der eingesetzten Mehtoden voraus. Vorschlaege und Richtlinien zum planvollen stufenweisen Einsatz von Methoden bei der Diagnostik von Schilddruesenerkrankungen hat die Sektion Schilddruese der deutschen Gesellschaft fuer Endokrinologie im Dezember 1978 in Wiesbaden erarbeitet und an mehreren Stellen publiziert. Fuer eine Stufendiagnostik von Schilddruesenerkrankungen sei auf diese Publikationen verwiesen. (orig.)Original Title
Moderne Methoden der Schilddruesendiagnostik
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G-I-T Labor-Med; ISSN 0016-3538;
; v. 3(6); p. 484-489

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