[en] Since with beginning damage to a slide bearing the conversion of mechanical energy to heat increases a special integral temperature sensor has been installed in the critical part over the whole breadth of the bearing. With this, any temperature rise in a 'bad' bearing - also in the case of changes in ambient temperature or load - can be recorded by comparison. The procedure has been developed for turbine bearings, but it may be applied to bearings of engines, agricultural machines, pumps, and cooling devices, too. (author)

[en] Thermochromatography in metal columns is an appropriate method to study the interaction of very small amounts of gaseous metals with metal surfaces. ²⁴¹Am has been studied in a vacuum temperature gradient tube using titanium columns. Its heat of adsorption has been found to be -ΔHsub(a)(exp) =285 +- 20 kJ/GA. For comparison, calculations were performed of the integral heats of formation of ordered solid intermetallic compounds of americium with transition metals on the basis of the Micdema model, of the partial molar (first) heat of dissolution of americium in solid transition metals and of the heat of adsorption in the case of zero-coated surfaces of these metals. Good agreement of the experimental and the calculated data has been obtained in the case of the AM-Ti couple: -ΔHsub(a)(calc) = 272 kJ/GA. The calculations may serve as a basis of developing adsorption chromatographic or single-stage volatilization processes for the selective or group separation of actinides. (author)

[en] The nuclear reactions within a homogeneous, isothermal DT plasma have been investigated. As a result of a reaction kinetics calculation the changing plasma composition and the fusion energy have been obtained as functions of n₀t (initial density multiplied by time) and temperature T. From a very simple energy balance (including radiation losses and thermal plasma energy) it is shown that a net energy output > 0 exists within a closed curve (break-even condition) in the n₀t-T plane. Extreme coordinates of this area are 2.90 keV < kT < 540 keV and 3.13 x 10¹³ cm^-3 s < n₀t < 5.59 x 10¹⁷ cm^-3 s(extended Lawson condition). The maximum net energy output is 1.094 x 10^-12 n₀V Joule (V plasma volume). The conversion of the fuel into ⁴He is not complete because some ¹H and ³He is produced, too. Necessary completions of the energy balance are discussed. Future fusion reactors have to operate at 15 keV < kT < 70 keV and at 10¹⁶ cm^-3 s < n₀t < 5 x 10¹⁶ cm^-3 s. (author)

[en] A review is given of the status of theoretical methods for simulating power noise of nuclear reactors considering especially pressurized water reactors. Attention is focused on site-dependent effects. In particular, those effects are considered that result from the transport of inhomogeneities with the coolant, core vibrations, and vibrations of in-core structural elements. (author)

[en] The basic principles as well as results of experimental studies on purification of the sodium coolant and cover gas in fast reactors are considered. Moreover, data on the reaction mechanism in the cold traps and on separation of oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, sodium-water reaction products, corrosion products, and radioactive contaminants from sodium are presented. The test results of heterophase traps for separating sodium from carbonaceous impurities are described. Finally, some problems of purifying the cover gas of radioactive contaminants are discussed. (author)

[en] Based on the structure of neutron flux density fluctuations in a pressurized water reactor a method is proposed for simplified calculation of noise power spectra for any noise source distributions. The solutions obtained consist of a part essentially including the point model and a space-dependent correction which, however, is independent of the frequency. (author)

[en] Novel absorber assemblies of the cluster type have been tested in the Rheinsberg reactor WWER-2. In addition to results obtained from mechanical and physical tests, those of post-irradiation studies are given. The mechanical tests consisted in movement checks performed according to a given programme. The physical tests provided for measurements of both the differential and integral efficacy of the clusters and the axial distribution of the thermal neutron flux density close to the clusters. The post-irradiation studies in the Rheinsberg nuclear power plant included: visual inspection, check of cluster finger tightness, measurement of gas pressure, determination of gas composition and cladding diameter, and preparation of samples for further post-irradiation studies of the cladding and absorber materials. (author)

[en] The dynamic error of measuring instruments, caused by fluctuations of the measured values interfering with the useful signal can be reduced by using voltage-dependent filters. There are simple, applicable possibilities of implementation, e.g. appropriate processing programmes for microcomputerized measuring instruments. (author)

[en] A fission track detector for neutron personnel dosimetry is described. It consists of a polycarbonate detector foil (Makrofol KG) covered by two identical fissionable films (²³²Th/²³⁵U oxide) and is appropriate for long-term monitoring. In principle it represents an albedo dosimeter of the Hankins type with additional fast neutron indication. The energy dependence has been calculated. Calibration factors and the lower detection limit in various neutron fields are given for some mixed fissionable materials. (author)

[en] Application of TLDs to emergency dosimetry in neutron-gamma fields is complicated by their high spectral dependence due to the low response to fast neutrons of most of the TLDs. The response to fast neutrons can essentially be increased by using a radiator-detector combination. On the basis of a radiation field model calibration factors have been calculated for various neutron spectra. A comparison is made of experimental and calculated responses for some special radiation fields. (author)