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AbstractAbstract
[en] Exposure pathways of natural source radiation on man are shown. Radiation earth sources give on an average more, than 5/6 of the year effective equivalent dose absorbed by population mainly due to the internal radiation. Radon and its decay products which are contained in many building materials and in water and natural gas as well, require particular attention. Necessity to carry out radiation control of building materias, as well as, other measures dealing with reduction of radon concentration in houses is underlined
Original Title
Chto my znaem o radiatsii?
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[en] Certain data being in the IAEA confidential report on plutonium preservation control at NPPs are presented. It is outlined that any nuclear program can be used in two ways: either as energy-generation or millitary one when solving engineering problems
Original Title
I mirnyj atom rabotaet na vojnu
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[en] Medical effects of the Chernobyl accident for various groups of people engaged in liquidation of the accident aftereffects and residents of the regions affected are assessed. Specific medical and social recommendations for each of the five groups of patients are made. Special attention is paid to the health of children who were exposed to external radiation in combination with intake of iodine isotopes. Extremely unfavourable influence of the mass media on the health of people involved in the Chernobyl accident is painted out. The necessity of adequate rehabilitation measures for various categories of patients involved in a large-scale accident is emphasized
[ru]
Оцениваются медицинские последствия Чернобыльской аварии для различных групп ликвидаторов аварии на ЧАЭС и населения регионов, подвергшихся радиационному воздействию. Даны конкретные медико-социальные рекомендации по каждой из пяти групп пациентов. Особое внимание уделено здровью детей, подвергшихся внешнему облучению в сочетании с поступлением в организм изотопов йода. Отмечается крайне неблагоприятное влияние средств массовой информации на здоровье людей, причастных к аварии на ЧАЭС. Подчеркивается необходимость проведения адекватных реабилитационных мероприятий для различных категорий пациентов, вовлеченных в крупномасштабную авариюOriginal Title
Avariya na ChAEhS i ee meditsinskie posledstviya
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ACCIDENTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL RADIATION EFFECTS, BURNS, DISEASES, ENRICHED URANIUM REACTORS, GRAPHITE MODERATED REACTORS, HAZARDS, HEALTH HAZARDS, INJURIES, LOCAL RADIATION EFFECTS, LWGR TYPE REACTORS, POWER REACTORS, RADIATION EFFECTS, RADIATION INJURIES, REACTOR ACCIDENTS, REACTORS, THERMAL REACTORS, WATER COOLED REACTORS
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AbstractAbstract
[en] The state of nuclear power, tendencies in its development, basic (trends of IAEA activities are outlined. In 1983 all over the world 317 NPP units have been in operation and 209 units under construction. In 1985, 15% of the whole world power have been generated at NPPs. In the 1990-2000 period in industrially developed countries nuclear capacities grow 1.5 times. An important work is carried out by IAEA in the field of safeguarding non proliferation of nuclear weapon. The technical aim of safeguards consists in timely detection of nuclear materials diversion to nuclear explosives production. For collection and dissemination of information among 67 IAEA member-states the International nuclear information system (INIS) is created. The IAEA activities are directed towards both general planning and development of auxiliary structures of nuclear power and its fuel cycle. IAEA has formulated basic norms on nuclear safety and environmental control. Great assistance is rendered by IAEA to developing countriesries
Original Title
MAGATEh segodnya
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Journal Article
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Ehnergiya. Ehkonomika, Tekhnika, Ehkologiya; ISSN 0233-3619;
; (no.9); p. 2-12

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[en] The technical state of the Ukrytie object, which was installed more that twelve years ago over the Chernobyl NPP accident unit, is analyzed in detail. By the estimates of specialists about 130 t of nuclear fuel is positioned under the Ukrytie object roof. The greatest danger consists in the possibility of fuel dust emission beyond the sarcophagus boundaries. It may occur due to the Ukrytie structure demolition. By the estimates of the Ukrainian engineers the probability of such a fall equals 0.1 a year. Special attention is paid to the possibility of originating self-sustaining chain reaction in the fuel-containing mass
[ru]
Подробно анализируется техническое состояние объекта Укрытие, который уже тринадцатый год стоит над аварийным блоком Чернобыльской АЭС. По оценкам специалистов под крышей объекта Укрытие находится около 130 т ядерного топлива. Большую опасность представляет возможный выход за пределы саркофага топливной пыли. Это может произойти в результате обрушения конструкций Укрытия. По оценкам украинских строителей вероятность падения одной из балок составляет 0,1 в год. Особое внимание уделено возможности возникновения самоподдерживающейся цепной реакции в топливосодержащих массахOriginal Title
Sarkofag-98
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1 figs.
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[en] Evaluation of radiation situation around the PO MAYAK: data on radiation dosimetry and volumes of radioactive contamination in the environmental medium is given. The data on radionuclide migration in the Techa river and other water basins as well as on the flora and fauna contamination are presented
Original Title
PO Mayak. Radiatsionnaya obstanovka do i posle avarii
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2 figs.
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AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS, BUILDUP, DEPTH, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, RADIATION ACCIDENTS, RADIATION MONITORING, RADIOACTIVE CLOUDS, RADIOACTIVE WASTES, RADIOACTIVITY, RADIOISOTOPES, RADIONUCLIDE MIGRATION, RISK ASSESSMENT, RIVERS, SAFETY STANDARDS, SEDIMENTS, SOILS, SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION, TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS
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AbstractAbstract
[en] The problems on developing the fuel-power complex (FPC) in Russia which provides for vital activities of other branches of the national economy of the country are discussed. The taxation policy of the State plays an important role in stabilization of the financial situation at the FPC enterprises. Special attention is paid to the improvement of the system for the FPC products price formation. The forecast of the FPC development in Russia for the period of 2005 to 2010 years is presented. The diagrams for the coal, natural gas and oil mining and electrical power production by two scenarios of the FPC development for 2000 up to 2010 years are also presented
[ru]
Обсуждаются проблемы развития топливно-энергетического комплекса (ТЭК) России, который обеспечивает жизнедеятельность других отраслей национального хозяйства страны. Важную роль в стабилизации финансового положения предприятий ТЭК играет налоговая политика государства. Особое внимание уделено совершенствованию системы ценообразования на продукцию предприятий ТЭК. Представлен прогноз развития ТЭК России на период 2005-2010. Приведены диаграммы добычи угля, природного газа, нефти и выработки электроэнергии для двух сценариев развития ТЭК на 2000-2010 ггOriginal Title
Problemy razvitiya TEhK Rossii
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2 figs.
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[en] The possibilities of the solar energy application for the heat and electrical power supply of the house located in the center of Europe are considered. The optimal form of the house which provides for the minimum energy losses and maximum solar energy application is determined through the mathematical modeling. Special attention is paid to the transparent thermal insulation (TTI) considering the thin-wall capillaries (30 μm). The house wall fragment with TTI which is located on the south facade, is described in detail. The photoelectrical battery with the peak capacity of 4.2 kw is mounted on its roof for supplying the house with electrical power. The square of all compartments in the house is equal to 332 m2. All the electrical equipment in the house refers to the energy-saving class
[ru]
На примере экспериментального дома, построенного во Фрайбурге (Германия), рассматриваются возможности использования солнечной энергии для полного обеспечения теплом и электроэнергией дом, находящийся в центре Европы. С помощью математического моделирования найдена оптимальная форма дома, которая обеспечивает минимум тепловых потерь и максимальное использование солнечной энергии. Особое внимание уделено прозрачной тепловой изляции (ПТИ), состоящей из тонкостенных (30 мкм) капилляров. Подробно описан фрагмент стенки дома с ПТИ, который располагается на выпуклом южном фасаде. Для обеспечения дома элетроэнергией на его крыше установлена фотоэлектрическая батарея с пиковой мощностью 4,2 кВт. Площадь помещений дома составляет 332 м2. Все электропотребляющее оборудование в доме относится к классу энергосберегающегоOriginal Title
Solnechnyj dom
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8 figs.
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[en] Energy problems in the XXI century are discussed. Bearing in mind the current tendencies in energy consumption, the assumption is made that global energy consumption in the century will increase 4-6-fold and it will reach 35-40 bln. t.o.e. It is assumed that energy consumption will grow largely in the countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America. Natural gas, oil and coal will be the main kinds of fuel in the world energy in the first half of the XXI century. Generation of thermonuclear energy will presumably grow to commercial level by beginning of the XXI century. Special attention is paid to evaluation of energy resources in Russia and development of Russian nuclear power. Outlooks for construction of an energy bridge between Russia and the North-East Asia countries (China) are considered
[ru]
Обсуждаются проблемы развития энергетики XXI века. С учетом существующих тенденций энергопотребления предполагается, что общемировое потребление энергии в течение будущего столетия вырастет в 4-6 раз и достигнет 35-40 млрд. т.н.э. Основной рост потребления энергии предполагается в странах Азии, Африки и Латинской Америки. Главными видами топлива мировой энергетики в первой половине XXI века будут природный газ, нефть и уголь. Предполагается, что производство термоядерной энергии способно вырасти до промышленного уровня к началу XXI века. Особое внимание уделено оценке энергетических ресурсов России и развитию ее ядерной энергетики. Рассматривается перспектива создания энергетического моста между Россией и странами Северо-Восточной Азии (Китаем)Original Title
Ehnergetika XXI veka i Rossiya
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4 figs., 4 tabs.
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[en] Uranium 235 'burns' in NPP pile. Its content in natural uranium equals only 0.71%. To garantee NPP promising character it is necessary to produce nuclear fuel, using 'noncombustible' raw material - uranium 238 and thorium 232. Their reserves are practically inexhaustible. Electronuclear breeding represents the method which doesn't require task development and doesn't use high-toxic tritium. Possibility of electronuclear breeding with the use of proton linear accelerators is shown. Possible design of units for electronuclear breeding is given. Calculations showed that beam of protons, accelerated up to 1 GeV, with 300 mA current in uranium target with 0.3% enrichment would produce 1.85 t of plutonium per year. According to economical estimations for Canadian 1 TeV linear accelerator with 300 mA proton average current the cost of one gram of plutonium-239 equals 80 dollars(up to 100 dollars - after chemical treatment)
Original Title
Uskoriteli v ehnergetike
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