[en] It is shown that the Boltzmann equation based on the Lorentz force equation has nothing to do with the action of electron cyclotron maser since the force due to the simulated bremsstrahlung(the Kim force) is taken into account at all in the Lorentz equation. The masing by a relativistic dilute electron beam passing through a uniform longitudinal magnetic field is investigated by means of the Kim equation, which is a classical kinetic equation to take into account properly the Kim force. It is found that the masing mechanism has nothing to do with the azimuthal phase bunching since the Kim force is far stronger than the Lorentz force in the electron cyclotron maser. (Author)

[en] The microcrystallographic structure and the spin Hamiltonian parameters of the triplet states in Cs₂(TCNQ)₃ single crystal are studied by electron paramagnetic resonance. The parameters representing the anisotropic spin-spin interaction are in agreement with Chesnut's and are showing that the paired spins are delocalized over at least a few TNCQ molecule. However, a small discrepancy is observed in orientation angles between this work and the reported. A small difference in composition ratio of (TNCQ)⁰ of the samples may cause the slight change in the arrangement of TNCQ molecules in the crystal. Since it is said that the π-bonding overlap of this molecule is related to the anisotropic conductivity, the difference in orientation angle may be related to that of conductivity result. (author)

[en] Synchrotron radiation is a new light source which revolutionalized and revitalized many research areas in physics, chemistry, biology and engineering. Two main applications of the synchrotron radiation are Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) and angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy. These methods and several examples, hitherto impossible, will be reviewed in detail. Examples are chosen to illustrate the power and potential of the synchrotron radiation. (author)

[en] In classical mechanics, non-precessional orbits are possible for and only for central of coulombic and harmonic types. In quantum mechanics, it is well known that energy have l-degeneracy (i.e. independent of orbital quantum number) in cases of such forces. Whether such l-degeneracy should appear only for such forces is not obvious although some authors state, without giving any proof, to that effect. We wish to show explicitly that such l-degeneracy should appear only for above-mentioned forces, hence to show that, at least for the cases of central forces of the type F = -grsup(lambda), the existence of non-precessional orbits in classical mechanics is manifested in quantum mechanics as l-degeneracy in energy eigenvalues. (author)

[en] Inhomogeneous processes are observed in underwater copper wire explosion induced by a condensed capacitor discharge. The wire used is 0.1 mm in diameter and 10 mm long, and the capacitor of 2 μF is charged to 5 KV. A N₂ laser is used for the diagnostic of spatial extension of exploding copper vapour. The photographs obtained in this experiment show unambiguously the inhomogeneous explosion along the exploding wire. The quenching of plasma by the surrounding water inhibits the expansion of the vapour. It is believed the observed inhomogeneous explosion along the wire is located and localized around Goronkin's striae, which was first reported by Goronkin and discussed by Froengel as a pre-breakdown phenomenon. (author)

[en] As for the superconducting properties of Nb₃Ge films produced in the present work, our measurements have been focused on two aspects. One is the highest possible Tsub(c). In most of our specimens Tsub(c) above 20 K has been readily obtained, the highest reaching 22.5 K. The other aspect is the flux entrant field at which the external magnetic field starts to penetrate into the superconductor. The large flux entrant field attainable has an important bearing on the application of superconductors in AC power transmission. The flux entrant field of our foil specimens measured by the microwave absorption technique extrapolates to 3.65 KG, which is about 3/4 value of the theoretical calculation, 4.6 KG. This is significantly higher than those values reported so far in both Nb₃Ge and Nb₃Sn: the flux entrant field of Nb₃Ge measured by the AC inductive technique was 200 gauss and that of Nb₃Sn by the microwave technique was 1.3 KG. It has been verified that the surface state of a Nb₃Ge film was a very important factor of the flux entrant field: the specimen with a shiny surface showed much higher flux entrant field than that with a rough surface or a retreated surface. (author)

[en] Using the particle-hole conjugation relation of G. Racah some generalized projection theorems have been derived. They are the projection theorems between 2 particles and n particles(n holes), and between 2 particles-1 particle and n particles(n holes)-1 particle. To find these results we assumed that the interaction energy can be expanded in terms of scalar product of two particles or two holes. In applications, we have showed that the spectra of ⁴³Ca, ⁵¹V, ⁴⁵Ca and ⁵³Mn are good examples. (author)

[en] Hyperfine field distribution in amorphous Fesub(75.4)Bsub(14.2)Sisub(10.4) has been analyzed assuming a linear relationship between the hyperfine field distribution and the quadrupole-isomer shift distribution. The hyperfine distribution function tends to be symmetrical as temperature decreases from room to liquid-nitrogen temperature. It is also found that the half-width of the hyperfine field distribution at 81K is larger by 6% than that at 281K. (author)

[en] An invariant Lagrangian for the chiral Superfields with SU(N) internal symmetry is formulated, and it is demonstrated that the superfield equations derived from this Lagrangian along with an invariant constraint condition lead to the Bargmann - Wigner equations for the oridnary fields with definite spins. (Author)

[en] Study on the optimization of the design method of toroidal field coil (T.F.coil) was done. Through this work, we establish the logic for the design of the T.F.coil in experimental tokamak device and utilize this technique to the design of small tokamak which has major radius of 27cm and minor radius 5cm. The results obtained through this work is as follows: Resistance and inductance of the T.F.coil are 50 mohms and 7.6 mH with respective. T.F.coil stores magnetic energy of 0.86MJ for toroidal field of 4.2T at the plasma center corresponding to 5.68x10sup(6) AT of magnetiomotive force. Toroidal magnet is composed of 28 coils and 14 turns each and so the coil currents are 15KA. Temperature rise of 5 degC and maximum tensile hoop stress of 12200 psi are resulted from one pulsation of T.F.magnet. This T.F.coil also has the feature of pure tension D-shape. (Author)