[en] Objective: To study the consequences of low coverage levels of a single dose of measles vaccine. Results: mean age observed in measles cases was 2 years and 8 months with a range from 3 months to 8 years. Maximum number of cases reported were <1 year of age (n=22,32%). Fifty percent of cases were seen among vaccinated children. Seventy-five percent (n=51) had history of contact with a measles case. Pneumonia was the commonest complication followed by acute gastroenteritis, encephalitis, febrile convulsions, oral ulcers, oral thrush, eye changes of vitamin-A deficiency and pulmonary tuberculosis (T.B.) in descending order of frequency. Fifty four cases were successfully treated for complications of measles and discharged. Nine cases left against medical advice. Five patients died all of them had encephalitis either alone (n=1) or in combination with pneumonia and acute gastroenteritis (n=4). Conclusion: There is a dire need to increase the immunization coverage to reduce the rate of vaccine failure and achieve effective control of measles.(author)

[en] Objective: To study the characteristics of the epileptics and the risk factors contributing to the development of epilepsy. Results: Majority of the subjects were single (77.84%), 1st born among their siblings (25.95%), belonged to low social class (50.63%), and unemployed(25.31%). The major risk factors were family history of illness (23.52%) and positive medical problem around birth (12.66%). The presence of family history of illness, positive medical problem around birth and advanced maternal age at birth were associated with early onset of epilepsy. Vulnerability for the epilepsy also increases among hospital deliveries. Conclusion: Although the present study has identified various risk factors, yet the results need to be further confirmed through case-control studies. (author)

[en] Herpes zoster is a common disease of adulthood. Its incidence is low in childhood and adolescence. Certain risk factors like hematological malignancies or immunosuppression due to any cause may lead to onset at an early age. There is a unilateral appearance of grouped vesicular eruption on an erythematous background which may involve contiguous dermatomes. Rarely the lesions may occur bilaterally in an otherwise healthy individual. We present a case of herpes zoster, with lesions having atypical distribution involving bilaterally symmetrical dermatomes over the lower chest.(author)

[en] Objective: To find out the association of tobacco as a contributory factor in patients presenting with peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Results: Fifty-six percent of all the patients with PUD used tobacco, 33% as cigarette, 18% took it as 'naswar' and 5% of patients used it in both the forms. Of these, 85.7% (48/56) patients had duodenal ulcer and 14.3% (8/56) patients had gastric ulcer. All these patients were male none of the female patients used tobacco in any form. Moreover, 40% of PUD patients reported long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Conclusion: This study supports the view that use of tobacco is associated with PUD in men. (author)

[en] A case report of a 30 years old male with a huge suprahyoid neck swelling and causing respiratory as well as oral function difficulties is reported. The mass was enucleated through oral route, following which normal oral functions as well as respiratory ease were restored. The gross appearance was consistent with dermoid form of congenital cyst of the mouth floor. (author)

[en] Objective: To evaluate the factors leading to hyperkalemia in patients with cirrhosis receiving spironolactone. Results: Patients with hyperkalemia (K>5 mmol/l) had higher blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and bilirubin levels (p=0.004, 0.001 and 0.044 respectively). Their serum sodium and albumin levels were lower (p=0.000 and 0.017 respectively). They had advanced cirrhosis with high Pugh score (p=0.003). These patients were on higher dose of spironolactone (p=0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that dose of spironolactone > 100 mg/day, serum creatinine >1.3 mg/dl, persistence of ascites and edema, and female gender were important predictors of development of hyperkalemia. Conclusion: Patients with cirrhosis receiving high dose of the diuretic, having edema, ascites and high serum creatinine are at the greater risk of developing hyperkalemia during spironolactone therapy. (author)

[en] The study was carried out of one hundred patients admitted with chest pain diagnosed as AMI and non-AMI diagnosed according to the WHO criteria. Fifty patients (30 males and 20 females, age 42 to 65 years) with AMI and 50 patients (36 males and 14 females, age 45 to 65 years) with non-AMI. Serum aliquots were taken from routine cardiac enzyme (total CK, CK-MB activity) and samples were collected from patients in the CCU. The blood samples were collected in evacuated gel tubes for serum preparation and allowed clotting at room temperature before centrifugation. Serum aliquots were stored at-70 deg. centi for later batch analysis of other cardiac markers (TnT, TnI) then thawed once just before analysis. This study showed greater diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for the newer cardiac marker. A similar performance of the two assays has previously been shown as prognostic for prediction of AMI and cardiac death in unstable angina. Results demonstrated that troponin-T and I values are useful tools for the diagnosis of AMI; they must be interpreted according to the number of hours for the onset of chest pain. (A.B.)

[en] A case of primary hydatid disease of the right femur is reported that presented with pathological fracture and was diagnosed at the time of exploration for biopsy. The patient was treated by removal of all cysts, irrigation with colloidal solution, bone grafting and immobilization of the fracture followed by four cycles of oral Albendazole. Eosinophilia and serological tests reverted to normal but the patient died due to acute myocardial infarction six months later. This uncommon condition should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pathological fractures, bone pain or osteolytic lesions, especially in patients of rural and farmer background.(author)

[en] This is a case report of a 50 years old woman, who presented with upper abdominal pain, vomiting and two episodes of jaundice in five months. Computerized tomographic scan revealed a cyst in the 4th segment of the liver. Preoperatively it was found to be a simple liver cyst arising from the left hepatic duct. The cyst was excised. Preoperative cholangiogram revealed obstruction in the common hepatic duct. A polyp in the common hepatic duct, causing obstruction, was excised. The presence of liver cyst with hepatic duct polyp is a rare association. (author)

[en] Objective: To find out Gleason grades, scores and to see the correlation of these morphological features with tumour markers in prostatic carcinoma. Results: The patients seen were between 50-102 years of age with an average of 70.9 years. There were 49 cases of adenocarcinoma and 01 case of mixed adeno and transitional cell carcinoma of prostate. Twenty eight (56%) patients had Gleason score of 5-7. Twenty nine (58%) patients were having serum PSA levels between 10.0 n/ml and 50.0 ng/ml. Thirteen (26%) cases showed PSA assays >50 ng/ml. the sensitivity of PSA test was 84% in these cases. Thirty five (70%) patients were having PAP values > 3.7 U/I (sensitivity 70 %). Conclusion: The Gleason grading system is a specific morphological predictor. The serum PSA showed better sensitivity and specificity with Gleason grades and scores as compared to serum PAP. The serum PAP levels showed better correlation with morphological features as compared to serum PSA.(author)