[en] The base sources of solid waste, which have the most significant influence on the total quantity is defined. The whole territory of R. Macedonia is divided in seven parts, depending on larger cities and balanced quantity of wastes. In spite of this territory definition, the quantity of solid waste according to the source of appearance for these regions and the whole territory of Macedonia is determined. (Original)

[en] Short communication. 1 ill

[en] In 1997 for the first time the scientific institutes from Republic of Macedonia got the opportunity to take part in competition to realize the scientific-research activity, financed by European Union. In the area of energy it could be applied for programs TERMI and COPERNICUS. A research project is applied for the program INCO COPERNICUS 97, with participation of the following research institutes: Koppern Aufbereitungstechnik GMbH and Co.KG - Germany; ENTEGRO - Greek Company for Energy Technology - Greece; Mining Institute Skopje - Macedonia; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Skopje - Macedonia; Faculty of Technical Sciences, Bitola - Macedonia; Central Institute for work protection, Skopje - Macedonia; Faculty for Industrial Chemistry and Metallurgy - Bulgaria. This paper presents the aim of the research, expected results, methodology and distribution of work among the research institutes

[en] The Renewable Energy Technology Characterizations describe the technical and economic status of the major emerging renewable energy options for electricity supply. These technology characterizations represent the best estimates of the US Department of Energy (DOE) and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) regarding the future performance and cost improvements expected for these technologies as a results of continuing research and development (R and D) and development of markets for renewable energy through the year 2030. (orig.)

[en] Designing gas installation requires an excellent knowledge of the gas, gas equipment, technological conditions in which the gas should be used and finally the existing standards and regulations acknowledged by the authorized inspection services. It is understandable that beside the above mentioned it is also necessary to possess a solid knowledge od the designing skill in order to complete all important factors which would enable a top-quality product - gas installation project. The purpose of this work is to show the experiences gathered through the designing of gas installations until the present period and to assist the joining of other good designing organizations in the future process of the gasification of our country. (Author)

[en] The existing electrical energy prices, which have been used in Macedonia since 1985, are based on the average value of the associations of electrical systems of Former Yugoslav Republics, taking in mind the production structure, consumption as well as the production, transportation and distribution expenses. However, after the independence of the Republic of Macedonia, the structural relationships mentioned above have been essentially changed, in favour of what goes the need of a new system for electrical energy prices. (author)

[en] Municipal waste treatment is a big problem in almost all urban environments in the world. Its combustion, after previous material sorting and separation for which recycling is possible, is considered the best method. Unfortunately, this method is very expensive and it can be used only in developed countries. Methane production from the municipal waste and its further use in the electric power production is consider a more appropriate method for developing countries. In the Republic of Macedonia the municipal waste problem is foremost in Skopje, where the cumulative quantities of municipal waste enable the production of c-ca 2 million m3 methane annually, sufficing to propel of a thermal power plant capacitating 11 MW. Considering all possible risks of non systematic and incomplete waste retrieval, the estimate is that under the current conditions, the 5,5 MW need of the thermal power plant can completely be covered. According to the data processed from the 5,5 MW Greenmaunt power plant in New Zealand which is being exploited for the last 5 years, the attempt of a evaluating the economic justification of setting up an equivalent power plant in Skopje is currently underway. 2 tabs

[en] The article is concerned with a production and consumption of all forms of energy in the world. Changes in the energy production and consumption in the period from 1980 on are presented. The growth of population in the world has been accompanied by a greater and greater energy consumption. The consumption-the most quality energy form for a final consumption, increases faster than the consumption of the total primary energy. Nuclear energy production is limited to a small number of countries because of its complexity. Found fossil fuel reserves are limited, oil and gas in particular, and distributed in a small number of countries, which will be more and more interesting to rich countries-great energy consumers. (author)

[en] The accident in the fourth reactor plant in Chernobyl in Ukraine occurred ten years years ago, caused the death of 31 people while the health consequences have turned out to be difficult to assess. This review describes the accident, its consequences and effects to health, studies carried out at the present state as well as the comparison with the other accidents and disaster. (author)

[en] Along with the continuing development of new air quality models that cover more complex problems, in the Clean Air Act, legislated by the US Congress, a consistency and standardization of air quality model applications were encouraged. As a result, the Guidelines on Air Quality Models were published, which are regularly reviewed by the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, EPA. These guidelines provide a basis for estimating the air quality concentrations used in accessing control strategies as well as defining emission limits. This paper presents a review and analysis of the recent versions of the models: Simple Terrain Stationary Source Model; Complex Terrain Dispersion Model; Ozone,Carbon Monoxide and Nitrogen Dioxide Models; Long Range Transport Model; Other phenomenon Models:Fugitive Dust/Fugitive Emissions, Particulate Matter, Lead, Air Pathway Analyses - Air Toxic as well as Hazardous Waste. 8 refs., 4 tabs., 2 ills