[en] Ethylene signalling is initiated by a group of membrane-bound receptors with similarity to two-component systems. ERS1 belongs, together with ETR1, to subfamily 1, which plays a predominant role in ethylene signalling. The dimerization domain of ERS1 was crystallized in space groups C222_1 and P2_12_12, with two and four molecules per asymmetric unit, respectively. The crystals diffracted X-ray radiation to 1.9 Angstroms resolution. (authors)

[en] AlgK is an outer-membrane lipoprotein involved in the biosynthesis of alginate in Pseudomonads and Azotobacter vinelandii. A recombinant form of Pseudomonas fluorescens AlgK with a C-terminal polyhistidine affinity tag has been expressed and purified from the periplasm of Escherichia coli cells and diffraction-quality crystals of AlgK have been grown using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. The crystals grow as flat plates with unit-cell parameters a = 79.09, b = 107.85, c = 119.15 (angstrom), = 96.97^o. The crystals exhibit the symmetry of space group P2₁ and diffract to a minimum d-spacing of 2.5 (angstrom) at Station X29 of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory. On the basis of the Matthews coefficient (V_M = 2.53 (angstrom)³ Da^-1), four protein molecules are estimated to be present in the asymmetric unit

[en] Bacteriophage T4 UvsY protein is considered to be the prototype of recombination mediator proteins, a class of proteins which assist in the loading of recombinases onto DNA. Wild-type and Se-substituted UvsY protein have been expressed and purified and crystallized by hanging-drop vapor diffusion. The crystals diffract to 2.4 (angstrom) using in-house facilities and to 2.2 (angstrom) at NSLS, Brookhaven National Laboratory. The crystals belong to space group P422, P4₂22, P42₁2 or P4₂2₁2, the ambiguity arising from pseudo-centering, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 76.93, c = 269.8 (angstrom). Previous biophysical characterization of UvsY indicates that it exists primarily as a hexamer in solution. Along with the absence of a crystallographic threefold, this suggests that the asymmetric unit of these crystals is likely to contain either three monomers, giving a solvent content of 71%, or six monomers, giving a solvent content of 41%

[en] Adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype 9, which is under development for gene-delivery applications, shows significantly enhanced capsid-associated transduction efficiency in muscle compared with other AAV serotypes. With the aim of characterizing the structural determinants of this property, the purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analyses of the AAV9 viral capsid are reported. The crystals diffracted X-rays to 2.8 A resolution using synchrotron radiation and belonged to the trigonal space group P32, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 251.0, c = 640.0 A. There are three complete viral capsids in the crystal unit cell. The orientation and position of the asymmetric unit capsid have been determined by molecular-replacement methods and structure determination is in progress.

[en] A unique feature of cyanobacteria genomes is the abundance of genes that code for hypothetical proteins containing tandem pentapeptide repeats approximately described by the consensus motif A(N/D)LXX. To date, the structures of two pentapeptide-repeat proteins (PRPs) have been determined, with the tandem pentapeptide-repeat sequences observed to adopt a novel type of right-handed quadrilateral β-helix, or Rfr-fold, in both structures. One structure, Mycobacterium tuberculosis MfpA, is a 183-residue protein that contains 30 consecutive pentapeptide repeats and appears to offer antibiotic resistance by acting as a DNA mimic. The other structure, Cyanothece 51142 Rfr32, is a 167-residue protein that contains 21 consecutive pentapeptide repeats. The function of Rfr32, like the other 35 hypothetical PRPs identified in the genome of Cyanothece, is unknown. In an effort to understand the role of PRPs in cyanobacteria and to better characterize the structural properties of Rfr-folds with different amino-acid sequences, a second PRP from Cyanothece 51142, Rfr23, has been cloned, expressed and purified. Selenomethione-substituted protein was crystallized by vapor diffusion in hanging drops. Nearly complete SAD and native diffraction data sets were collected from these crystals to 2.5 and 2.1 (angstrom) resolution, respectively, using synchrotron radiation. The crystals belonged to space group I4₁, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 106.61, c = 53.37 (angstrom), and one molecule per asymmetric unit. Preliminary analysis of the electron-density map from the SAD data shows that Rfr23 contains an Rfr-fold

[en] Histamine dehydrogenase (HADH) from Nocardioides simplex catalyzes the oxidative deamination of histamine to produce imidazole acetaldehyde and an ammonium ion. HADH is functionally related to trimethylamine dehydrogenase (TMADH), but HADH has strict substrate specificity towards histamine. HADH is a homodimer, with each 76 kDa subunit containing two redox cofactors: a [4Fe-4S] cluster and an unusual covalently bound flavin mononucleotide, 6-S-cysteinyl-FMN. In order to understand the substrate specificity of HADH, it was sought to determine its structure by X-ray crystallography. This enzyme has been expressed recombinantly in Escherichia coli and successfully crystallized in two forms. Diffraction data were collected to 2.7 (angstrom) resolution at the SSRL synchrotron with 99.7% completeness. The crystals belonged to the orthorhombic space group P2₁2₁2₁, with unit-cell parameters a = 101.14, b = 107.03, c = 153.35 (angstrom)

[en] The structure determination of PilS, a type IV pilin, by X-ray crystallography is reported. The recombinant protein from Salmonella typhi was overexpressed, purified and crystallized. The crystals belong to space group P2₁2₁2, with unit-cell parameters a = 77.88, b = 114.53, c = 31.75 (angstrom). The selenomethionine derivative of the PilS protein was overexpressed, purified and crystallized in the same space group. Data sets have been collected to 2.1 (angstrom) resolution from the selenomethionine-derivative crystal using synchrotron radiation for multiwavelength anomalous dispersion (MAD) phasing

[en] Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) plays an important role in regulating embryonic skeletal development and is abnormally regulated in the pathogenesis of skeletal complications observed with many cancers and osteoporosis. It exerts its action through binding to a G-protein-coupled seven-transmembrane cell-surface receptor (GPCR). Structurally, GPCRs are very difficult to study by X-ray crystallography. In this study, a monoclonal antibody Fab fragment which recognizes the same region of PTHrP as its receptor, PTH1R, was used to aid in the crystallization of PTHrP. The resultant protein complex was crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method with polyethylene glycol as a precipitant. The crystals belonged to the orthorhombic space group P2₁2₁2, with unit-cell parameters a = 72.6, b = 96.3, c = 88.5 (angstrom), and diffracted to 2.0 (angstrom) resolution using synchrotron radiation. The crystal structure will shed light on the nature of the key residues of PTHrP that interact with the antibody and will provide insights into how the antibody is able to discriminate between PTHrP and the related molecule parathyroid homone.

[en] The Saccharomyces cerevisiae DEAD-box protein Mss116p is a general RNA chaperone which functions in mitochondrial group I and group II intron splicing, translation and RNA-end processing. For crystallization trials, full-length Mss116p and a C-terminally truncated protein (Mss116p/Δ598-664) were overproduced in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. Mss116p exhibited low solubility in standard solutions ((le)1 mg ml^-1), but its solubility could be increased by adding 50 mM L-arginine plus 50 mM L-glutamate and 50% glycerol to achieve concentrations of ∼10 mg ml^-1. Initial crystals were obtained by the microbatch method in the presence of a U₁₀ RNA oligonucleotide and the ATP analog AMP-PNP and were then improved by using seeding and sitting-drop vapor diffusion. A cryocooled crystal of Mss116p/Δ598-664 in complex with AMP-PNP and U₁₀ belonged to space group P2₁2₁2, with unit-cell parameters a = 88.54, b = 126.52, c = 55.52 (angstrom), and diffracted X-rays to beyond 1.9 (angstrom) resolution using synchrotron radiation from sector 21 at the Advanced Photon Source.

[en] Human cystatin C (hCC) is a low-molecular-mass protein (120 amino-acid residues, 13 343 Da) found in all nucleated cells. Its main physiological role is regulation of the activity of cysteine proteases. Biologically active hCC is a monomeric protein, but all crystallization efforts have resulted in a dimeric domain-swapped structure. Recently, two monomeric structures were reported for cystatin C variants. In one of them stabilization was achieved by abolishing the possibility of domain swapping by the introduction of an additional disulfide bridge connecting the two protein domains (Cys47-Cys69). In the second structure, reported by this group, the monomeric hCC fold was preserved by stabilization of the conformationally constrained loop (L1) by a single-amino-acid substitution (V57N). To further assess the influence of changes in the sequence and properties of loop L1 on the dimerization propensity of cystatin C, two additional hCC mutants were obtained: one with a residue favoured in β-turns (V57D) and another with proline (V57P), a residue that is known to be a structural element that can rigidify but also broaden turns. Here, the expression, purification and crystallization of V57D and V57P variants of recombinant human cystatin C are described. Crystals were grown by the vapour-diffusion method. Several diffraction data sets were collected using a synchrotron source at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Chicago, USA.