[en] Experiments have been carried out to study the changes in the values of cell-wall constituents, total nitrogen (N), in vitro digestible crude protein (IVDCP), in vitro organic matter digestibility, and in vitro digestible energy of some agricultural residues after irradiation by various doses of gamma irradiation (0, 100, 150, 200 kilo gray, k Gy) or after spraying with different amounts of urea: 0, 20, 30, and 50 g urea/kg dry matter. The results indicated that treating with 3% - 5% urea or with 200 k Gy decreased the cell-wall constituents and increased the digestible energy values. Combined treatment resulted in a better increase in the digestible energy for all studied agricultural residues. Urea treatment increased total nitrogen and IVDCP. Gamma irradiation had no effect on N and IVDCP. (Author)

[en] The study of the uptake of toxic elements on human teeth represents an interesting research area, as the fate of these elements when present in the human food is of health significance. Since antimony is one of the common toxic elements and since, the chemical behaviour of antimony is similar to that of arsenic, one of the most important toxic elements commonly encountered in cases of food poisoning, it has been decided to investigate its uptake on human teeth and on other restoration materials. The radioactive tracer technique was used to evaluate the concentration of antimony sorbed on teeth. This tracer was obtained by irradiation of antimony metal in the reactor, subsequent dissolution in concentrated sulphuric acid, evaporation to dryness and making the solution 6 M in Hydrochloric acid (1). Antimony prepared in this way is in the trivalent state (Sb III). Sorption was studied in water, tea, coffee, red tea and chicken soup. The highest sorption was achieved from water and chicken soup and least sorption was noticed in case of coffee. The results are presented in the form of the depletion of the radioactivity (A) of antimony with time in presence of a tooth in water and other drinks

[en] The conference of chemical application was held on 1-5 Nov 1997 in Cairo, This vol.2 contains of chemical application on nuclear materials. Studies on these vol.This second volume covers papers presented on the subjects

[en] An experiment has been setup to generate the second harmonic beam (λ=532 nm) from the Q-switch Nd-YAG laser (λ=164 nm) using the non-linear KDP crystal. The efficiency of the second harmonic generation is calculated to be %15 which is in a good agreement with the literature quoted value. The variation of the second harmonic generation power with θ (the incident angel) is reported (author). 9 refs., 5 figs., 2 tabs

[en] A comparison between two methods for determination of radon gas in water samples has been conduced, viz. emanation method and Cerenkov method. This comparison includes background radiation, lower limit of detection, counting efficiency and sensitivity. Results showed that Cherenkov method is suitable for determination of relatively high concentration of radon (higher than 0.2 p Ci/l) and high number of samples, while the emanation method can be used for very low level of concentration (as low as 0.05 p Ci/l) but low number of samples due to Lucas cells availability. Results of the application of the methods for environmental samples and standard samples are presented (author). 12 refs., 2 figs., 2 tabs

[en] A pure Am-241 source were prepared, this includes chemical separation of Am-241 from its daughters. The chemical separation was done by dissolving a consumed smoke detector with a solution of HCL and HNO3, the dissolved am-241 passed through an anion exchange resin in different molarities to obtain the highest purity of Am-241 solution. The pure solution of Am-241 was electodeposted on a stainless steel plamchet to get a pure standard source of Am-241 which will be used in future work. (author). 8 refs., 5 figs., 4 tabs

[en] A Carborne gamma-ray spectrometric survey was carried out over the surface of Ad-Daww basin. The study aimed to define the distribution of the radioelements and radioactivity in the region. An area of 3875 Km² was covered by a total of 20 survey lines. The whole radiometric data were collected in one computer file which latter was processed to determine the equivalent concentrations of e^U, e^Th, %K and the units of total radioactivity (Ur). Detailed radiometric maps of the distribution of these variables for Ad-Daww basin were produced. The anomalies were classified, located and then assigned to their specific around locations. It was found that the anomalous radiometric halos follow three categories: I- Halos of high values related to the phosphate deposit found in Jabal El Bardeh, J. Basseri, J. Hayyal, J. Om Jorn and J. Abou Rabah. II- halos of moderate values related to the lithological boundary between the Miocene and Pliocene rock units in Tyass and Jhar, in addition the gyp crete of Kherbet Hanowrah. III- Halos of relatively low values related to the clastics accumulation resulted from the weathering of older rocks which may contain some radioactive grains. It is worth mentioning that through the survey work some scattered occurrences of secondary uranium mineralizations were found as spots on some formations of Ad-Daww basin, and that leads to an open question about the possibility of finding subsurface uranium accumulations. To answer this question further detailed uranium exploration work is needed. (author). 16 refs., 11 figs., 1 tab

[en] The effect of low-dose (0-0.5 Gy) γ-radiations was studied on R-banded chromosomes from lymphocytes of healthy donors of various ages. In cells from newborns, an increase of chromosome damage roughly proportional to the dose was found. In lymphocytes from young adults chromosomal aberrations were not detected at doses of 0.05 and 0.1 Gy, and in lymphocytes from old adults not even at 0.2 Gy. The difficulty in detecting aberrations in lymphocytes from adults is largely due to a considerable background of chromosomal anomalies which should be borne in mind in dosimetry studies. The rate of induction largely depends on the types of rearrangements. One-break terminal deletions are efficiently induced at 0.1 and 0.2 Gy and are the best indicators of exposure at these doses. At 0.5 Gy, the frequencies of 2-break lesions, i.e., dicentrics and reciprocal translocations, increase, whereas the of deletions decreases. (author). 6 refs., 3 figs., 2 tabs

[en] Under a low N level (N₀) the parental lines had a lower average mean rate for dry matter accumulation, but a slightly longer duration than that of the mutants. However, under a high N level (N₁) the mutant lines showed a 4% reduction in seed weight compared with the parental lines. No significant differences were found among the lines in their rate of N accumulation, suggesting that carbohydrates rather than nitrogenous compounds are the crucial determinant of N concentration in the seeds. It is inferred that in the same line it may be possible to achieve either a higher grain yield with a lower protein percentage or a lower yield with a correspondingly higher protein percentage. (author). 4 refs., 2 tabs

[en] The nuclear fusion of light atoms, particularly, hydrogen isotopes, is accompanied with evolved energy from the two fused nucleus. While the fission of heavy elements, such as uranium, has been used in industry for over forty years, the nuclear fusion has not reached this stage yet. This is due to the difficulty of controling the process. Many ambitious programmes are being run, one of these programmes is NET (Next European Torus), which are hoped to allow the designing of prototypes fusion reactors, where this future energy can be domesticated. (author). 5 figs