[en] This is a report on changes in the conformation of protein macromolecules in blood plasma and the correlation of conformational data with biological activity of the irradiated human organism. A total of 250 individuals were examined, working in sphere of ionizing radiations and submitted to the action of other nonionizing factors of the occupational environment. The length of service of the individuals examined varied from 1 to 30 years, while the age limits are from 18 to 66 years. The biological activity of protein macromolecules is directly related to its conformation and high frequency characteristics of the dielectric parameters of the blood plasma (high frequency dielectric constant and electro-conductivity). The high frequency dielectric characteristics was measured with Admittance Test type SWM-2, and high frequency generator and Oscilloscope type E01/76. On the basis of data from the measurement of high-frequency dielectric macromolecules and Debay constant were calculated. The obtained results revealed that the combined action of the factors of the occupational environment with ionizing and nonionizing nature induced a denser globalization of the protein macromolecules in the blood plasma and reduced their reaction activity, as compared to the control group. Any radiation and non-radiation induced alteration, produced directly or indirectly in the normal base sequence of macromolecule, constitutes a damage of confirmation, which may or may not be immediately expressed. These effects may become apparent after a variable latent period (author)

[en] At the National Laboratory for Metrology of Ionizing Radiation in Lovetch it have been developed a device and a calibration method for alpha and beta radioactive sources on solid pads with operating surface from 40 sm to 160 cm. A set of 16 standard test patterns ²³⁹ Pu on I level sources for alpha radiation in the scope of 20 Bq to 1.5x10⁶ Bq as well as another set of 19 standards test patterns ⁹⁰ Sr for I level beta radiation in the scope 10² Bq to 5x10⁷ Bq have been used for calibration. The calibration has been made by scanning with a detector having surface considerably smaller than that of the radioactive source. During the scanning the optimum displacement the radioactive source center has been determined by two standard test patterns. This ensures optimum count rate on the peripheral areas of the radioactive source

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[en] The results are considered of local corticosteroid treatment in cases of radiation epithelitis of the oral cavity and upper respiratory airways. Observations concerned 25 patients given radiotherapy from high-energy sources (gamma teletherapy( for carcinomas distributed by location as follows: 5, nasopharynx; 5, maxilla; 4, tonsillae; 3, thyroid; 8 other sites. Total focal doses delivered varied from 2000 to 7000 rad. Corticosteroids were administered by inhalation using a Polish preparation, Sopolcort, in 0.20-0.60% solution dispersed in particle size from 30-100 millimicrons; inhalation time, 1-3 min; course duration, 30-60 days. In 11 of the 25 patients, inhalations were also given as a prophylactic measure on the day preceding the beginning of radiotherapy. To assess treatment results, two groups of criteria were used: subjective - impaired and painful swallowing, dryness of the throat; and objective - congestion, edema, ulceration, and, primarily, number of radiotherapy interruptions because of local radiation reactions. Among the 25 patients observed, 9 completed the radiotherapy course without interruptions, while the remaining 16, even though interruption had to be made, completed the course in a much shorter time than the control group. Comparisons of severity and duration of radiation epithelitis were made between the group investigated and an analogical control group of 25 patients given radiotherapy alone. In the latter, interruptions resulted in a total loss of 531 bed-days or an average of 21.2 days per subject. In Sopolcort-treated patients, total bed-day loss was reduced to 210 or an average of 8.1 days per subject. (author)