[en] The chapter briefly discussed the following subjects: the scope and activities in radiation protection for radiation workers, i.e. design, routine monitoring, etc. ICRP 26 was discussed in details

[en] This paperwork presented the results of using thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD) method in measuring background dose level, which is done at State of Johor, South Malaysia. The problems faced also discussed

[en] Commercially matured papaya, Carica papaya var. Solo were gamma irradiated at doses of 0 kGy, 0.75 kGy, 1.0 KGy and 1.5 kGy. The production rate of ethylene, development of ripening colour, pectin substances and ascorbic acid content as well as the weight losses were studied during storage at room temperature. Ethylene production, development of ripening colour and softening were found to be retarded by irradiation. Irradiation also slowed down the reduction rate of alcohol insoluble substances and hydrochloric acid soluble pectin and the increment of water soluble pectin and hexamataphosphate soluble pectin. Doses of 1.0 kGy and 1.5 kGy effectively suppressed the synthesis of vitamin C although no effect on the existing ascorbic acid was detected. The weight losses of papaya were not affected by irradiation treatment

[en] This paper describes the methods of stream discharge measurements by radioisotope and current meter with regard to the low flow conditions of water flowing in a small stream. The theory, experimental approach and results as well as health and safety aspects and discharge comparison of both methods based on field observations are discussed. It is observed that the isotope tracer technique using Tc-99m has been proven to be satisfactory for gauging in good agreement and comparable to each other. It is proposed that a comprehensive stage discharge rating curve (δ H vs. Q) be established and measurement of dispersion coefficients of the flow will be carried out in the near future

[en] The synthesis of acrylated olein utilizing epoxidised refined, bleached and deodorized (RBD) palm olein has been carried out by acrylation reaction. This is done by the introduction of acrylic acid into oxirane group of the epoxidised RBD palm olein. The reaction was confirmed by analytical data i.e. oxirane oxygen content, iodine value and acid value and IR spectrophotometric method. It was found that, oxirane group in triglyceride molecule of epoxidised RBD palm olein (EPOL) is attacked by acrylic acid to yield epoxidised RBD palm olein acrylate (EPOLA). The EPOLA was found curable when subjected to ultraviolet radiation

[en] Electron beam irradiation of polyolefin heat shrinkable tube is currently the main commercial activity in Alurtron Irradiation Facility. In order to meet the requirement of the customer as well as the standard, quality assurance and quality control procedure must be established. Before the tubes can be irradiated at large scale, the EB parameters have to be established. Gel content and hot set are the quality tests being used for QA/QC purposes. However gel content analysis requires several days before results can be obtained. Therefore a quick and simple hot set test is used instead. It is necessary to establish a good relation between hot set and gel content for quick reference. This paper outlines procedures involved in carrying out the two tests and how the acceptable range of hot set values were selected to represent the required gel content. (Author)

[en] This paper discusses method and monitoring result of the source of seepage water emerging (mud flow) at downstream toe of the failure slope at Kampung Bharu Bukit Tinggi, Bentong Pahang. In this investigation, a saline-tracer experiment was conducted by injecting its solution into a drain at an upstream section (old road to Janda Baik town) where a pipeline was found leaking in the vicinity of the roadside and flowing towards hill slopes. Some parts of flowing water was left undetected and seeped through the soil on its way to downstream area. Seepage water downstream was monitored by using a conductivity sensor hooked up to a CR10X data logger and optical back scattering conductivity probes. From the result, it is believed that the source of seepage water is related to the water from the leaking pipeline upstream. The travelling time for the leaking water to reach downstream slope failure was within 16-17 hours. Based on this preliminary investigation, one can conclude that seepage water is one of the main contributing factors that cause slope failure in the vicinity of the investigated hill slopes. Further investigation to understand the failure mechanism at this place by conducting multi-experimental approaches in different seasons, particularly during continuous rain storms. (Author)

[en] The purpose of this work was to investigate the variations of carbon steel microstructures on their mechanical properties. The work carried out included microhardness testing, tensile-rupture testing, metallurgical microscopy and sample metallographic preparation. Four types of carbon steels indexing C, D, E and M had been chosen for this investigation. The tensile - rupture test results had shown that tensile strengths, σ sub(max), of those samples (C, D, E and M) were found to be 471.2, 703.0, 725.8 and 827.6 Nmm^-2, respectively. The relative order of the density of pearlites distribution between those samples, shown by the photomicrographs, were C< D< E< M. The microhardness values of C, D, E and M samples were 1818, 2358, 2523 and 2677 VHN respectively. The work has revealed that mechanical properties vary with the pearlites distribution in carbon steels. (author)

[en] The historical background for the standardization in radiation protection with special reference to the dose limits recommended by the ICRP which include tolerance dose, maximum permissible dose, and the present recommendation based on the ICRP 26 are presented. The basis and rational for the establishement of these limits are discussed

[en] Low level liquid waste treatment plant at the Nuclear Energy Unit was completely built in May, 1984. The function of the plant is to treat aqueous low lewel radioactive effluent by using coagulation-flocculation processes. Chemicals used to treat the effluent are sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), Aluminium Sulphate (Al₂(SO₄)₃13 1/2H₂O) and a polyelectrolyte commercial name Preastol as a coagulant aid. The first efficiency test was done on 22 October, 1984. Effluent radioactivity in the Third Collection Tank was spiked with 1.2 x 10⁹ Bq(32 mCi) of Cu-6.4. Four effluent samples each with 1000 ml was treated in a laboratory scale test. Results obtained were then used for a bigger scale treatment at the plant. The second and the third efficiency test was done on 29 November, 1984 and 1 February, 1985 respectively. From the three efficiency tests, different parameters such as decontamination factor, effluent activity, pH, conductivity and dissolved solid were observed to fulfill some of the characteristics of water quality that were set up by different International Bodies sup(1-3). This shows that the plant is capable of treating low level liquid waste to be released to the environment without giving any harm. (author)