[en] By discussing such topics as: nuclear energy and the dependence of the Community in the energy sector, economic effects of the usage of nuclear energy, medium-term problems and the role of national authorities and the Community, the general framework is outlined. The steps taken by the Community to cope with those problems consist in dealing more extensively with the economic aspects of nuclear development, supply with nuclear fuel and informing the public with questions in connection with nuclear energy. (UA)

[en] Within the framework of the question concerning the benefit of an energy system, teh development tendencies of demand and supply are discussed. The social expense for an energy supply system is characterized by economy, international compatibility, environmental consideration, and social suitability. (UA)

No abstract available

No abstract available

[en] On the availability of energy raw materials in the critical transition phase and on the necessity of system analytical availability investigations. An energy policy of consumer countreis with an eye to the future must adapt itself to the fact that the coming decades will be a critical transition phase regarding energy raw material supplies. Supplier and consumer countries will be confronted by a resource crisis in a wide and serious sense of the word during this critical transition phase. The energy policy of a country depending to a large and increasing extent on imports of energy raw materials, such as West Germany, is urgently in need of a realistic estimate of the resources problem. The complex and wide ranging problems of the critical transition phase require crossing of interdisciplinary boundaries and analysis of greater dimensions for their investigation. After available experience in system analysis in the energy field, there is no doubt that a solution of the resources problem is possible using system analytical availability investigations. (orig.)

[en] The UN study ''The Future of the World Economy'', prepared under the direction of W. Leontief, is the general frame of reference of this paper. Its central scenario postulates a reduction from 12:1 to 7:1 in the disparity in per-capita income between developed and developing countries over the period 1970-2000 and presumes that the gross product of the developing countries would have to grow by 6.9% over that period. Such growth rate would require that total electricity-generating capacity in the developing countries would have to increase at least from 97,000MW installed in 1970 to 1,300,000MW by the year 2000. Very conservatively, this would at least require an investment of US$ 716x10⁹ at 1974 prices. Considering the forecast size of interconnected grids and the necessary security of supply requirements, at best 20 developing countries would be candidates for nuclear power plants by 1985 and another 19 by the year 2000. Total fossil-fuel consumption in these countries would have to increase by 9.7% annually throughout the period, and their share in world consumption would increase from about 8.6% in 1970 to 27% in 2000. Overall energy production in the developing countries (including the centrally planned economies of Asia) would increase sevenfold and their consumption twelvefold. The paper concludes that every effort should be made to minimize the energy/gross domestic product coefficient, and the expansion of the indigenous resource base should be pursued forcefully. It points out that it might be economically more advantageous to provide the many millions of scattered rural communities with self-contained energy packages based on such local resources as are available. It foresees some scope for nuclear energy in some of the more advanced developing countries but states that, until the end of the century, oil will undoubtedly remain the dominant factor in energy supply in the developing world. Finally, the enormous capital requirements create considerable doubt as to whether traditional mechanisms for energy financing will be adequate for the task. (author)

[en] There is no substitute for tungsten in its main field of application so that the demand will not decrease, but there is a need for further important applications. If small variations are left out of account, a small but steady increase in the annual tungsten consumption can be expected. The amount of tungsten available will increase due to the exploritation of new deposits and the extension of existing mines. This tendency will probably be increased by the world-wide prospection. It is hard to make an assessment of the amount of tungsten are obtained in the People's Republic of china, the purchases of Eastern countries in the West, and the sales policy of the USA; pice forecasts are therefore hard to make. A rather interesting subject with regard to the tungsten cycle as a whole is the reprocessing of tungsten-containing wastes. (orig.)

[en] The term rationalization has been subjected to a variety of modifications in the course of time, so that rationalization is often merely understood as the saving of costs without impairing the operational efficiency. In contrast, there is that form of rationalization which attempts to improve the operational efficiency with the same costs input. Rationalization in this sense is essentially free of occupational policy risks. Its aim is to achieve a profitable output preserving the factors hitherto used. The innovatory rationalization thus acquires particular significance in this connection. The authors deal with the practicable consequences of the hypotheses outlined here. (orig.)

[en] According to the author, there are three medium-term and three long-term options: Fossil fuels, nuclear power (LWR) and energy conservation on the one hand, and breeder reactors, solar energy and nuclear fusion on the other. Generally, there is no valid reason for the establishment, expansion or substitute investments of a public utility - with the exception of a reasonably expected need for energy. However, a distinction should be made between 'need' and 'demand' - if this is omitted, the available energy saving potential cannot be exploited. Also, there are often several demands for one need, and one of these demands always offers the lowest social expenditure (criteria: rentability, international acceptability, environmentality, social acceptability). (HP)

No abstract available