[en] Calculations have been done to determine the amount of activation in the linac components and tunnel air for the Accelerator Production of Tritium 1700-MeV superconducting linac. Proton transport is accomplished through the use of the LAHET Code System. Particle production and depletion from proton and high-energy neutron reactions, calculated in LAHET, as well as low-energy neutron fluxes calculated by MCNP, are passed to the radionuclide production code CINDER'90 to determine the source terms at various times after irradiation. The upper limit on total air activation based on conservative assumptions, for the entire tunnel air volume, was found to be 4.77 Ci after a nine-month irradiation. This is reduced to 0.09 Ci after a 10-hour cooling off period. The total activation for the full 1-km of beamline components was found to be less than 4 kCi, with the half-lives of the highest contributors ranging from 12 years to 2 minutes. This beamline component activation calculation was done for an irradiation time of 40 years, which is the anticipated lifetime of the superconducting linac

[en] This document is a hard copy of the CY 1996 airborne and liquid effluent data contained in the Environmental Release Summary (ERS) computer database

[en] The Euroregion Neisse, located in Central Europe at the border of Poland, the Czech Republic and Germany, and the area around Katowice, Poland are part of the so-called 'black triangle'. Due to industrial, traffic and household emissions, this region is one of the most highly-polluted areas in central Europe. The extent of the damage caused by the pollution is very visible and makes international improvement and sanitation concepts of vital importance. The long-range objective of this investigation is to determine the degree of pollution using a bioindication system. Mosses (Pleurozium schreberi and Polytrichum formosum) and spruce (Picea abies) and pine (Pinus sylvestris) needles are used as indicators. They are sampled throughout the region and analyzed for select chemical elements by ICP-MS, ICP-OES and AAS in order to determine the distribution of these in the investigation area. By taking samples throughout the area at regular time intervals the development of element concentrations are observed and followed. The data thus gathered is then presented visually using the Geographical Information System (GIS) to make the results more clear and accessible. These results can then form a basis for comparison between the frequency of various diseases in the region and the level and concentration of pollutants and will make correlation between the two evident. The Euroregion Neisse and the Katowice area, with their high environmental pollution, are especially well-suited for such an investigation. They may even be called highly polluted reference areas where the effects of pollution on ecology and health are remarkably visible. (author)

[en] This report presents environmental data that characterize environmental performance and addresses compliance with environmental standards and requirements at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL or the Laboratory) during 1996. The Laboratory routinely monitors for radiation and for radioactive nonradioactive materials at Laboratory sites as well as in the surrounding region. LANL uses the monitoring results to determine compliance with appropriate standards and to identify potentially undesirable trends. Data were collected in 1996 to assess external penetrating radiation; quantities of airborne emissions; and concentrations of chemicals and radionuclides in ambient air, surface waters and groundwaters, the municipal water supply, soils and sediments, and foodstuffs. Using comparisons with standards and regulations, this report concludes that environmental effects from Laboratory operations are small and do not pose a demonstrable threat to the public, Laboratory employees, or the environment. Laboratory operations were in compliance with all major environmental regulations

[en] The invention concerns to process of industrial sewage cleaning from chromium and as well as chromium regeneration with purpose of the subsequent use during tanning process. It could find application in tanning manufacture, non- ferrous metallurgy, during processing metals. The aim of invention is increase of degree and rate of cleaning, improvement of quality of formed precipitate and maintenance of an opportunity of repeated magnesium oxide use during cleaning. The process of sewage deep cleaning from chromium (III) includes processing by magnesium oxide and separation of precipitate with regeneration of chromium. The processing has been conducted by 50-150% surplus of magnesium oxide with precipitate separation, its dissolving in an acid and processing by alkali up to pH 9,0-9,5. Then the formed chromium containing precipitate is separated. The solution is alkaloids up to pH 11,5 and precipitate-containing magnesium is separated

[en] The objective of this work was to evaluation the radiation protection conditions in the workplace, of a industry that produces nuclear gauges. The survey was divided, basically, in two parts, the first took place a physical monitoring, area, individual, contamination and biological monitoring. The last was done, through the analysis of excretes and cytogenetic dosimetry. A second part operational radiation protection procedures with radioactive sources was analysed. A comparative analysis with the CNEN regulations and international recommendations, with the objective to propose optimisation as to procedures of sources handling as to the inspection system was also done

[en] At a conference on the role of energy in industrial competitiveness, papers were presented on the energy consumer's perspective on energy issues in the mineral and food industries, global perspectives on the role of energy in industrial competitiveness, a supplier's perspective on energy issues in the oil/gas and electric industries, perspectives on environmental issues including climate change, and international partnerships for industrial competitiveness, notably in the former Soviet Union and eastern Europe. Separate abstracts have been prepared for 15 papers from this conference

[en] While the problems of the electricity sector in the developing world differ among regions and countries, and while environmental priorities differ between the industrialized and the developing world, it is clear that the expected growth of electricity generation will present a variety of common problems. Consequently, there is a need for a comprehensive and integrated conceptual framework for analysis and decision making that will enable policy makers to identify options which lead to improvements in all relevant indices of sustainable development whenever possible, and to make trade-offs among them where necessary. Typically, the application of project level environmental valuation techniques at the power system planning level is extremely difficult owing to intricacies in the valuation of certain social and ecological impacts. In addition, the valuation techniques used, such as contingent valuation, are more appropriate at the micro-level and less effective in situations dealing with a potentially large number of technology, site and mitigation options. Use of MCA, as opposed to cost-benefit analysis, offers policy makers an alternative when progress made towards multiple planning objectives cannot be measured in terms of a single criterion such as monetary value. A practical case study involving MCA is used to demonstrate successfully how environmental considerations may be incorporated into power system planning in Sri Lanka. Finally, it is becoming evident that dealing with energy related environmental and social issues, especially at the global level, will require more co-operation between industrialized and developing countries. Given the resource constraints of developing countries, enhanced financial and technological resource flows from the industrialized world are crucial if the prospects for sustainable energy development are to be realized on a global scale. 14 refs, 6 figs, 2 tabs

[en] Directive 96/82/E C ('Seveso-II' Directive) introduces relevant changes in the criteria controlling the inventories of dangerous substances of industrial sites. The Directive requires to consider in the inventory also the substances that may be formed as a consequence of accidental events

[en] The study served to analyze the practical aspects of 'Joint Implementation' (JI) under the Framework Convention on Climate Change, in which measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are carried out jointly by several countries. As a first step, possible climate protection measures were assessed with respect to their suitability for JI and an overview of suitable JI projects was compiled. In a further step, carried out in cooperation with partners from industry, four specific projects (coal-fired power plant, solar-thermal power plant, cement factory, least-cost planning) were used to simulate JI. In this work, solutions were developed for the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions avoided as well as for project reporting. In addition, proposals were made with respect to the organizational and institutional design on an international JI mechanism. (orig.)