[en] The device shall ensure the reliable ignition of long arcs in any gas without causing leakages, short circuits or voltage losses between electrodes and auxiliary electrodes, that might disturb or prevent ignition. Thermal overload of the auxiliary electrodes as well as stray currents are prevented by automatic disconnection of the device after arc ignition. The device is applicable in plasma technology, especially to gas heating and plasma chemistry

[en] In order to prevent damages to the recipient in electron beam coating an acceptor for stray and loss electrons has been designed. It consists of elements made of graphite or molybdenum and is arranged in the direction of the incident electron beam, the width being greater than that of the electron beam's pendular oscillation

No abstract available

[en] Recently, the development of the techniques to return sewage sludge to forests and farm lands has been actively made, but it is necessary to assure its hygienic condition lest the sludge is contaminated by pathogenic bacteria. The research to treat sewage sludge by irradiation and utilize it as fertilizer or soil-improving material has been carried out from early on in Europe and America. The effects of the irradiation of sludge are sterilization, to kill parasites and their eggs, the inactivation of weed seeds and the improvement of dehydration. In Japan, agriculture is carried out in the vicinity of cities, therefore it is not realistic to use irradiated sludge for farm lands as it is. The composting treatment of sludge by aerobic fermentation is noticed to eliminate the harms when the sludge is returned to forests and farm lands. It is desirable to treat sludge as quickly as possible from the standpoint of sewage treatment, accordingly, the speed of composting is a problem. The isothermal fermentation experiment on irradiated sludge was carried out using a small-scale fermentation tank and strictly controlling fermentation conditions, and the effects of various factors on the fermentation speed were studied. The experimental setup and method are described. The speed of composting reached the maximum at 50 deg C and at neutral or weak alkaline pH. The speed increased with the increase of irradiation dose up to 30 Mrad. (Kako, I.)

[en] The major factors that influence economics of application of radiation polymerisation technique for industrial production of polymers and polymer composites are discussed. The effects of factors such as product characteristics, physical and chemical state of polymerisation, radiation polymerisation kinetics, radiation source and field characteristics, including source utilisation efficiency, dose rate radiation safety requirements etc. on the engineering cost and economy of radiation processes are briefly outlined. The need for accurate understanding and exploitation of radiation polymerisation kinetics and precise control of dosimetric and other process parameters for a successful radiation process utilisation is highlighted with specific examples. (author)

[en] Pretreatment of lignocellulosic wastes such as sawdust, chaff and paper was studied using a combination of irradiation and mechanical crushing. An acceleration effect of irradiation on crushing of these wastes was observed. The time taken to crush the irradiated samples to a size below 250 mesh decreased markedly with increasing irradiation dose. Hence, irradiation treatment accelerated indirectly the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis owing to the increased susceptibility of the irradiated samples to cellulase. (author)

[en] Offering various common advantages over traditional techniques of selective surface hardening, high-power laser and electron beam heat treatment have successfully undergone the transition from laboratory curiosity to production tool. This review of the literature examines the principles, applications and comparative aspects of the two processes, with emphasis on experience in North America where a number of industrial installations are now well established. (author)

[en] A radiation sensitive resist material for photolithography in the manufacture of microelectronic devices. The material comprises a polymerisation product of a substituted styrene in which at least twenty mole percent is a substituted styrene containing a substituent in the ortho-position. The presence of the ortho-substituent gives improved properties such as contrast and resistance to solvent-induced swelling so that an accurate resist pattern can be formed. Preferred monomers include 2:5 dimethylstyrene, 2, 4, 6 trimethylstyrene. Chloromethylstyrenes are also specified. (author)

[en] Neutron induced particle track mapping can be used to detect, quantitate and map distributions of B, Li, U and N in a wide variety of samples. Detection limits for this study are better than 1x10^-11 g/g for U, 1x10^-9 g/g for B, 1x10^-6 g/g for Li and 0.1 wt% for N. Spatial resolution for mapping is about 25 μm. NBS steels of known B content can be used as N standards for B in many similar alloys, N-containing polymers can be used as N standards for some applications. Alpha particle tracks from rare isotopes of 0 and S might have some specialized applications as tracers. (author) 5 refs.; 10 figs.; 1 tab

[en] Published in summary form only