[en] To ensure the adequacy of available facilities, the disposition of the several waste types generated in support of a heavy-water NPR operation at the Savannah River Site were projected through waste- treatment and disposal facilities after the year 2000. Volumes of high-level, low-level radioactive, TRU, hazardous, mixed and non-radioactive waste were predicted for early assessments of environmental impacts and to provide a baseline for future waste-minimization initiatives. Life-cycle unit costs for disposal of the waste, adjusted to reflect waste management capabilities in the NPR operating time frame, were developed to evaluate the economic effectiveness of waste-minimization activities in the NPR program

[en] HM Inspectorate of Pollution commissioned, with authorising responsibilities in England and Wales, a study into the discharges of radioactive effluents from Nuclear Power Stations. The study considered arisings from nuclear power stations in Europe and the USA and the technologies to treat and control the radioactive discharges. This report contains details of the technologies used at many nuclear power stations to treat and control radioactive discharges and gives, where information was available, details of discharges and authorised discharge limits. (author)

[en] 10-years period of Information Systems in the Chernobyl Accident after-effects elimination (these systems we name Chernobyl Information Systems (ChIS) for simplicity of reference) creation is analyzed. It is claimed that ChIS are introducing into the maturity phase now. The paper consists of Introduction, four paragraphs and Conclusion. Short history of ChIS creation on the example of radioecological component is described in Introduction. Two phases: youth and maturity, are identified. The youth phase is divided on three periods: 1986-1988, 1988-1992, 1993-1995. The maturity phase has started in 1994 with accepting of new Conception of ChIS implementation. Main characteristics of each phase and period are described

[en] Field studies of fallout from Chernobyl were conducted at the level of individual ecosystems and watersheds. Simulations are in progress to develop methods for rehabilitating the environment and for reducing activity levels in contaminated food products. Specific examples are described and commented on. 3 figs., 8 refs

[en] In this paper a dosimeter is proposed for the purpose of detecting noble gas releases (principally Xe-133) from nuclear power plants. The dosimeter consists of two Li₂B₄O₇:Cu (LiBO) elements and one CaSO₄:Tm (CaSO) element. One LiBO element is enclosed only in plastic and is used to determine shallow dose, while the LiBO and CaSO pair, which are used to determine deep dose, are enclosed in a 1070 mg/cm² aluminum sphere and plastic. The dosimeter is designed to overcome the three major problems involved in monitoring for Xe-133: the effect of angular response, differences in irradiation geometry (overhead plume vs. submersion), and interference from naturally occurring high-energy gamma rays. Laboratory test data are presented to demonstrate the proposed dosimeter's response characteristics

[en] Results are reported from radiation monitoring of one point in the area of the Institute of Radiology and Radiation Hygiene, Sofia, carried out by multiple daily aspiration of atmospheric air for the period 2-10 May 1986. The measurement of the first filter exposed on 2 May has shown the presence of fission products with halflife from several hours to years. The radionuclide mixture, having integral specific activity 107 Bq/m³, includes: ⁹⁹Mo, ¹⁰³Ru, ¹³²Te, ¹³¹I, ¹³²I, ¹³⁴Cs, ¹³⁷Cs, ¹⁴⁰Ba, ¹⁴⁰La, ¹⁴¹Ce. The highest concentrations are established for radionuclides with comparatively short halflife - ¹³²Te, ¹³¹I and ¹³²I; these three radionuclides represent above 60% of the integral specific activity. The radioactive contamination reached absolute maximal values on the next day at about 12 o'clock, followed by fast decrease until the end of the day and during the next days. A new short increase of the contamination is registered at 6 May connected with the changes in the synoptic situation. At the end of 10-days period the contamination is caused mainly by the isotopes of Ru, I and Cs. The integral activity droped to 0.4 Bq/m³. 1 tab., 1 fig., 2 refs

[en] The investigation is carried out according to the following scheme: collecting of atmospheric fallout (dry and wet components); preliminary processing of collected samples; gamma-spectroscopic and radiochemical analysis for qualitative and quantitative determination of the radionuclides of technogenic origin. Isotopes of volatile elements in very great amounts are registered in atmospheric fallout for the period 30 April - 2 May 1986: ¹⁰³Ru - 180±5 Bq/m³; ¹³²Te - 920±20 Bq/m³; ¹³¹I - 780±50 Bq/m³; ¹³²I -890±50 Bq/m³. The analysis of fallouts for the period 2-9 May show the presence of 23 radionuclides and the integral activity of deposited radionuclides reaches 12.3 kBq/m³. The most substantial is the contribution of ¹⁰³Ru (above 20%), ¹²⁹mTe and ¹³²Te (10% each) and ¹³²I (about 7%). The rest of isotopes has about 4% each: ⁹⁵Zr, ⁹⁵Nb, ¹⁰⁶Ru, ¹⁰⁶Rh, ¹³⁷Cs, ¹⁴⁰Ba, ¹⁰⁶Ru,¹⁴⁰La, ¹⁴¹Ce, ¹⁴⁴Ce. In the next periods a substantial decrease of deposited activity was observed - down to 35 Bq/m³ daily at the end of May. The integral activity of the whole period of active transfer (30 April - 2 May 1986) is 14.2 kBq/m². For the biologically valuable radionuclides it is estimated up to 35 Bq/m² for ⁸⁹Sr and ⁹⁰Sr, 470 Bq/m² for ¹³⁴Cs, 1030 Bq/m² for ¹³⁷Cs and 2 Bq/m² for Ru-isotopes. 1 fig., 2 refs

[en] The environmental behavior of Chernobyl-derived radionuclides in Kyushu Island was investigated for one month after the accident. The radioactivity level in airborne dusts was two orders of magnitude lower than that observed in Western Europe. The distribution of ¹³¹I in airborne dusts shifted to a larger particle size compared with other radionuclides. The radionuclide concentration in seaweeds varied depending on the geographical situation where the sampling was done. The biological half-lives in red algae were calculated to be 17.4 d and 32.9 d for ¹³¹I and ¹⁰³Ru, respectively. The concentration factors in red algae were estimated to be 3 x 10³ and 5 x 10³ for ¹³¹I and ¹⁰³Ru, respectively. The cooking effect of ¹³¹I in seaweeds and the committed effective dose equivalent through ingestion of seaweed were also evaluated. (author)

[en] This report identifies and assesses accident management strategies which could be important for preventing containment failure and/or mitigating the release of fission products during a severe accident in a BWR plant with a Mark III type of containment. Based on information available from probabilistic risk assessments and other existing severe accident research, and using simplified containment and release event trees, the report identifies the challenges a Mark III containment could face during the course of a severe accident, the mechanisms behind these challenges, and the strategies that could be used to mitigate the challenges. The strategies are linked to the general safety objectives which apply for containment and release management by means of a safety objective tree. The strategies were assessed by applying them to certain severe accident sequence categories deemed important for a Mark III containment because of one or more of the following characteristics: high probability of core damage, high consequences, lead to a number of challenges, and involve the failure of multiple systems

[en] The report describes power plants in the USA, Sweden, Switzerland, France and Belgium. Furthermore emission control during the venting of the containment in Sweden, France and Belgium has been treated. Some manufacturers of emission control measuring instruments in the above-mentioned countries were visited and their instrumentation is described. Further radiation control instruments provided for the case of incidents and accidents are described briefly. One chapter deals with the emission control during the venting of the containment of nuclear power plants in the Federal Republic of Germany. Reportes is the recent developments of measuring equipment for emission control instrumentation in the Federal Republic of Germany. The conclusion contains recommendations on emission control of gaseous effluents during incidents and accidents, including the venting of the containment. (orig.)