[en] Russian Fusion Materials Program (1998-2000, Minatom of Russia) includes the radiation-resistance low (reduced) activation vanadium-titanium-chromium alloys, ferritic-martensitic steels and beryllium as the key to the realization of fusion reactors. The focus is the Russian project DEMO reactor, DEMO test modules, ITER and fusion relevant intense neutron sources. The Program include industrial technology and production/fabrication, heat treatment, mechanical properties, microstructure and baseline properties characterization, development of weld/joint procedures, corrosion/compatibility studies, evaluation of irradiation effects on properties, activation and transmutations properties and certification of the suggested materials

[en] NTSC was created in November, 1997 as an association of experts in all the areas of nuclear and radiation safety and radioactive materials handling The main goal of creation is investigation of safety aspects of nuclear power in the Republic of Kazakhstan, taking into account the interests of environment and human health protection in the regions of nuclear industry units allocation. The Center was created with support and special cooperation with the US, has grown and developed cooperative ties with several other countries.In the report are enumerate the main directions of NTSC activity, general directions of cooperation, current and completed activity, planing activity

[en] To enhance the efficiency of nuclear materials control and accounting a complex of weight sensors and a complex of 'smart shelves' were put into operation at one of the facilities of the RSC 'Kurchatovskiy Institute'. The weight sensors and 'smart shelves' equipment designed in ORNL provide for a continuous, remote measuring of weight of the controlled items and their constant inventory valuation. After inspection, testing, adjustment and finishing of the used software the both complexes were built up at one of the nuclear material depositories. The complexes control more than 20 kg of uranium-containing nuclear material with enrichment of 90% by U-235, in form of small non-identified components placed in specific casks. Application of the weight sensor complex, combined with the complex of 'smart shelves', provides for on-line detection of the clandestine, long-term removal of nuclear material in small portions

[en] On the territory of Kazakstan there has been accumulated a large amount of radioactive waste (RW) dangerous for environment and people's health as a result of the development of metal mining and uranium production industries, atomic power engineering and 40 year long nuclear peaceful and military tests. Systematic study of RW quantitative and qualitative characteristics on Kazakstan territory began in 1993 and it relates to creation of RK National Nuclear Center and RK Atomic Energy Agency. At 'Baikal-1' stand complex of the Institute of Atomic Energy in January 1995 there was put into operation the first section of technological complex on receiving and storing of ampoule sources of ionizing radiation (ASIR). Their total quantity that operates at Kazakstan organizations and enterprises exceeds 80000 pieces. 20000 pieces of them are subject to burial

[en] As tests on creep of the austenitic steel 03Cr20Ni45Mo4NbBZr on 873-973 K temperature interval showed some anomalies took place on creep curves, when before a non-steady stage of creep there was a section, on which the sample deformation didn't increase, but for some cases decreased with time. For instance, under neutron irradiation at temperature of 873 K and tensions of 296 or 302 MPa the sample deformation was not observed for initial 10 h. After this period of time the creep curves behaved as standard type ones and respectively for 400 h and 810 h became conventional. Decreasing of tension down to 178 MPa resulted in the section of non-changed in value strain reached 230 h. At equal temperature and tension rising of neutron flux density leaded to more clear appearance of the negative creep. The phenomenon of the negative creep was further investigated on non-irradiated aluminium alloy D16

[en] The problem of ⁹³ Zr accumulation and its transmutation is addressed. It is shown that neutron flux required for ⁹³ Zr transmutation is unachievable in fission reactor. Therefore transmutation of ⁹³ Zr in the fusion based facility is proposed. It is demonstrated that current ITER fusion reactor project can be sufficiently served as a transmuter to resolve the problem of ⁹³ Zr accumulation within the time period of several decades

[en] The main goal of Kazakhstan Strategy of Development till 2030 is to improve the well-being of the Society based on sustainable development of the market economy. Nowadays nuclear power engineering became an important integral part of world power production, allowing to rack up power production and assisting in solving global and regional ecological issues at the same time. However, choice of power source for a certain country or a certain region depends upon a set of different factors.Natural, social and economic conditions of Kazakhstan make it reasonable to establish and develop national nuclear power engineering that would become a basic component of power supply industry in the state. Currently, the Ministry of Power Engineering, Industry and Trade is working out a project of a State program entitled 'Development of Nuclear Power and Uranium Industry in the Republic of Kazakhstan' that will be submitted for consideration to the RK Government next December. Construction of Balkhash Atomic Power Plant planned under the Program would allow solving the problem of power supply for the southern part of the Republic. Construction and commissioning of nuclear power plants in Almaty, Astana and Ust-Kamenogorsk would provide steady and reliable heat supply in these largest cities of the Republic for a long period of time. Would the Government agree upon the State Program, we would have all the reasons to believe that in the near future the Republic of Kazakhstan will become a state with advanced nuclear power engineering based on use of up-to-date power technologies in combination with principles of cost efficiency guaranteed for general and environmental safety

[en] Growing scope of development and production of natural mineral resources, social and industrial development of various regions located far from fossil fuel deposits and centralized power supply systems, urgently require reliable and abundant sources of energy.Many prospective regions still have no adequate transport infrastructure, e.g. year-round navigable water ways and railways. Severe and unstable climatic conditions, seasonal character of bulk deliveries there cause the necessity to accumulate considerable (more than annual needs) stocks of fossil fuels. Due to far distance of fuel delivery its cost there is in many times (5 to tenths) higher than in places of production. Under such conditions nuclear sources of energy, capable of generating heat and electricity, appear to be efficient, economically and environmentally attractive alternative.OKB Mechanical Engineering has consistently been developing various advanced small size nuclear reactors for generating heat and electric energy. Construction of nuclear plants with ATEC, ABV and KLT-40S reactors at 'Baikal 1' sites in Kurchatov and Leninogorsk would allow the problem of the towns energy demands provision to be solved, together with further development of research and experimental facilities available at the Kazakhstan National Nuclear Center

[en] This report reveals data on development history of domestic fast neutron reactors cooled with sodium (BN reactors). It also shows BN reactors' unique role in expanding source of nuclear power raw materials and in solving ecological problems relating to radioactive wastes. There is brief information on characteristics and operation experience of research reactors BR-10, BOR-60, pilot-industrial reactors BN-350 and BN-600. As well there is data on BN-800 reactor designing that obtained a license for building. There are considered BN reactor peculiarities in regard of safety and design decisions on safety provision at the level meeting standard document requirements. BN reactor technical and economic indices and the ways of their improvement are evaluated. There is brief information on alternative perspective technologies of fast reactors, in particular regarding 'BREST-300' reactor cooled with lead coolant

[en] Description of solid sanitary and technogenic waste reprocessing technology; heat diagram of heat recovery of waste reprocessing process; description of facility operation fundamental modes; requirements to basic systems and materials of facility of technogenic and sanitary industrial waste high-temperature reprocessing; standard-technical documents according to which facility designing, building and operation is conducted are presented in the report. There have been demonstrated the capability for creation of facility of high-temperature sanitary and technogenic waste recovery. There have been selected structure materials with operation lifetime of not less than 10 years at the parameters obtained in the furnace. There have been shown that systems of heat-sink cooling with sodium coolant created in atomic energetic are applicable for heat recovery of melting furnace and outgoing gases in high-temperature sanitary and technogenic waste reprocessing facilities with bubbling flux bath