[en] During the Amchitka testing program, recordings were made of the near-field ground velocity for events MILROW and CANNIKIN. These records exhibited a P arrival, a feature associated with near-field pP and a developing Rayleigh wave. In this investigation, simple models were found which match the complete seismograms. They simultaneously predict the amplitude, wave shape, timing, and periodicity of both the body waves and the surface waves. Models for both the Amchitka crustal structure and the source time functions were developed. The crustal model is similar to previous models in its averge properties, so travel time constraints are still satisfied. Small modifications have been made to match the waveform data. The events on Amchitka can apparently be represented as isotropic point sources with the types of simple source time histories predicted by classical yield scaling laws. A source model for event LONGSHOT was developed on the basis of the yield scaling laws since no near-field records are available for it. The source models were tested by comparing the teleseismic body waveforms they predict with observations. Short-period P waves, long-period P waves, and long-period pS waves were considered. The short-period P waves provided the best constraint. To match them, it was necessary both to develop a model for teleseimic pP since it arrives later than the near-field model would predict and to estimate the average value of t*. The MILROW and CANNIKIN teleseismic short-period P waves indicate that the average effective t/sub α/( for teleseismic ray paths from Amchitka is 0.9 s. The scatter about this value, however, is very substantial

[en] Estimates of the yields of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki explosions remain rather uncertain. The Fat Man device that exploded over Nagasaki had been tested at Project Trinity and was the explosive for the Operation Crossroads tests. Its yield has been reasonably well established by radiochemical and fireball data, together with calculations, as 22 +- 2 kt. The explosion of the Little Boy device over Hiroshima, however, was the only detonation of this device. Blast effects observed at Hiroshima compared with similar effects at Nagasaki suggest a yield of 12 +- 4 kt, which is based on the Nagasaki yield of 22 kt. A comparison of the similar thermal effects at the two cities suggests a yield of 15 +- 3 kt; old calculations support this value. A reevaluation of the pressure data obtained by gauges in canisters dropped from an accompanying aircraft suggests a yield of 17 +- 4 kt

[en] The health physics equipments that have been developed for nuclear defense, are particular by their function and by their operating use. By their function, they are assigned to be used in case of a nuclear burst. Consequently, they have a number of specific characteristics. By their operating use, they are assigned to operate on the battle field. Consequently, they have constricting environmental specifications. In conclusion, a survey of the present technological trends in the realization of new devices is presented

[en] Comparison of results on materials shock compressibility, obtained at multiple laboratory-type facilities with the data, obtained during underground explosions, is carried out in the overlapping fields of shock-waves parameters on various substances: certain metals (including porous ones), minerals and rocks, plexiglass. The identity of measurements at all comparable facilities devices and substances is shown. The measurements at the laboratory-type facilities with spherical convergence of shock waves provided in some cases for creation of those ones that were obtained under conditions of powerful shock waves during underground nuclear tests

[en] The authors take issue with the assessment that the advent of antisatellite weapons implies that the beneficial role of satellites in arms control, confidence building, and conflict resolution has been judged less important than their ability to support actual military operations. They argue that there is still an opportunity to negotiate a militarily significant and verifiable constraint on the growth of antisatellite technology that would be in the security interest of the US and the world as a whole. They base their opinion on an assessment of the roles of the existing military satellites and their vulnerability to antisatellite weapons and the probable impact of antisatellite weapons on various kinds of crisis and conflict. 10 figures, 1 table

[en] Handling with the technology of digital signal analysis. The author quantitatively analyses the composition, content and the relations between them and the distance of the noise, which is produced with the nuclear explosion. The object of study is the sixteen NELP's curves of our native nuclear explosion tests. The purpose is to improve the level of anti-interference of the nuclear-exploding auto-surveying system

[en] A high-altitude nuclear explosions releases large quantities of energetic particles and electromagnetic radiation capable of producing ionization in the atmosphere. These particles and rays radiation character in the atmosphere are discussed. Ionizations due to explosion X rays, γ rays, neutrons and β particles are considered separately. The time-space distribution of additional electron density is computed and its nature is analyzed. The effects of explosion-induced ionization on the absorption of radio wave is considered and the dependence of the absorption on explosion characteristics, distance from the earth's atmosphere, and frequency of the radio wave is determined

[en] Project Plowshare, the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) program to investigate possible non-military uses for nuclear explosives, was an offshoot of President Eisenhower's ''Atoms for Peace'' proposal. Plowshare was, in a sense, two separate programs. One was for nuclear excavation projects applied to grand-scale civil engineering ventures. Much of what had sustained nuclear excavation Plowshare in the 1960s was the hope and belief that this new instrument of civil engineering would prove its value in construction of a second great Pan-American canal. The other was for contained underground blasting to serve parties interested in mining, underground natural gas storage, and long-term disposal of toxic and radioactive materials. Both programs were intertwined with military and national security-related experiments. Given the heavy security which justifiably surrounded AEC use of thermonuclear devices, and fears of nuclear terrorism as well as nuclear proliferation concerns, even Plowshare's most ardent supporters never expected the project to hand private industry a thermonuclear explosive device

[en] The external gamma radiation following the trace of the radioactive cloud has the nature of prolonged radiation with decreasing dose rate. With that type of radiation, the radiation injuries in people are function not of the comulative dose, but rather of the biologically effective one. The maximum value of the biologically effective dose at different protection coefficients in selected points following the trace of the radiation cloud, has been examined. The results obtained can be used in organizing ''protection on the spot'' following the trace of the radioactive cloud. (authors)

[en] In the reported study, explosions are produced by injecting a small amount of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) into air. The ignition and subsequent evolution of the explosion of the unconfined vapor cloud are observed by the simultaneous use of direct photographs and pressure recording. The intensity of the compression waves generated by unconfined combustion are modeled on the basis of the solution of the conservation equations for the flow associated with a spherically symmetric expanding piston. The obtained results are compared with the measurements. It is pointed out that the development of unconfined fuel vapor cloud explosions can be divided into two stages, including a deflagration propagating in premixed gases, which is followed by a diffusion flame promoted by buoyancy and convection. The experimental result from the pressure measurement is found to be quantitatively consistent with the result obtained from the spherical piston model