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[en] The subject of the report consists of complex application of the helium-neon laser irradiation on all surgery stage treatment of the gynecologic patients. For laser therapy of the surgical field pre- and during surgery intervention was used 10 mW laser; for intra blood vessels laser therapy was used 0,5 mW laser. Utilisation of complex laser irradiation of surgery treatment of the neoplasms gynecologic patients permit to decrease the post surgical complication and increase the time of post surgical heal up

[en] Experiments in vitro, using human cell lines was carried out in order to establish whether or not there was a difference between oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) of neutron and Co-60 γ-ray and to determine OER dependence on radiation dose. MG-63 cell line and H-460 cell line were defined as the most sensitive cell line to neutron among our laboratory holding cell lines through preliminary study. Anoxia as was produced in glove box. The box was flushed for one hour with a mixture of 5 % CO₂ in ultrapure N₂ (total oxygen concentration < 10 ppm) and irradiated with neutron and Co-60 γ-ray. Oxic condition was same as anoxic condition except being irradiated in general air condition. The lower OER was observed in neutron than in Co-60 γ-ray. The dose dependence of OER was observed in neutron and Co-60 γ-ray all. But the dose dependence of the OER is somewhat larger for Co-60 γ-ray than for neutron. In the range of 1 to 8 Gy, the OER for photon and neutron range from 1.54 to 1.94 and 1.23 to 1.26 in MG-63 cell line. In case of H-460 the OER for Co-60 γ-ray and neutron range from 1.24 to 1.60 and 1.06 to 1.07 respectively. (author). 19 refs., 5 tabs., 5 figs

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[en] As part of the treatment prescription procedure, one has to prescribe in anatomical terms any GTV (Gross Tumor Volume) according to the general TNM-rules as well as any other tissues that are to be treated for presumed subclinical diseases. These prescriptions of one or several Clinical Target Volumes (CTVs) are based on general oncological principles, and are not related to the treatment modality. If external beam radiotherapy is being used, one has to consider special problems related to different geometric inaccuracies and uncertainties, which can be both intrafractional and interfractional. Such inaccuracies and uncertainties are due to either the position, shape and size of the patient/tissues in relation to a fix point, or to variations in beam geometry. The two different types of variations may or may not co-variate. A margin or margins for these uncertainties has to be included in the dose planning procedure, which then will evaluate a static situation, representing the CTV(s) plus geometric ''safety'' margin(s) (Planning Target Volume, PTV) and in fact not the true clinical situation. The dose distribution arrived at for this static representation will however have to be considered as representative for the CTV. This presents of course a dilemma, but one has to accept a reasonable compromise. There is no general rule on the size of the different geometric uncertainties or how they should be added up. Individual evaluations are needed. (author)

[en] Up to the early 1980s, radiotherapy equipment was developed mainly with a view to producing uniform radiation fields and improving the safety of the patient and the operating personnel. Treatment generally utilised uniform, symmetrical and rectangular radiation fields. The potential offered by non-uniform radiation fields of different shapes for protecting healthy tissues surrounding the tumour became apparent as diagnostic methods advanced. Radiobiology also assumed a more prominent role in the planning and implementation of radiotherapy. The complex, computer-controlled high-energy therapy equipment now in use, such as linear accelerators, microtrons and new types of applications of cobalt beam therapy equipment, are under constant development. The radiation field can be shaped as desired, for instance, by using complex radiation beam limiting devices or by applying the scanning beam method, in which a moving narrow radiation beam forms the radiation field needed. Similarly, various forms of internal radiotherapy, in which a sealed radiation source is placed into or onto a tissue, are also common treatment modes under development. Use of neutrons, protons and heavy ions in external radiotherapy has also become more frequent during the past 20 years. (orig.)

[en] In some treatment protocols different parts of a target volume need to be irradiated with different doses. This can be achieved with a four-beam irradiation technique and dose rate modifying absorbers. The calculation of the transmission and thickness of the absorbers are based on the unmodified doses from single beam at a calculation point. Corrections are done by a modified graphic beam-zone method to consider the influence of the absorbers on scattered radiation. Phantom measurements show good agreement with the calculated values. The modification method is applicable without 3D planning systems but requires a smaller number of beams to limit the calculation and manufacture efforts. (author). 5 refs., 8 figs., 3 tabs